Study On Characteristic Of Soil Environmental Quality In The Middle Area Of Jilin Province

Soil is not only the material basis of human survival but also the most importantcomponent part for the ecological system.As the repository of the elements, the abundanceand deficiency status of the elements in the soil directly affects the yield and quality ofagricultural products.In recent years,with the rapid development of the industry and theincreasing improper human activities,the soil environment pollution is increasinglyserious,the agriculture soil environment quality decline,which not only affect the growth ofthe crops but also do harm to human health.Human survival and multiplication is closelyrelated to the agriculture,while the basic of the agricultural survival is soilresources.Therefore,soil environmental quality get the extensive attention of the communityand it has become the main study content of Environmental Science.Study on agricultural soil environmental quality characteristics has important signific-ance for the development of agricultural production and the improvement of the agriculturalproducts’ safety.In order to study the influence of the soil environmental quality on the cropgrowth conditions,this paper comprehensively considers the situation of the soil type andland use and so on based on the field investigation.This paper selects the Bahao town inYushu city in the middle of Jilin Provinc as the main research area,it selects the Xiangyangtown in Yushu city and Qiangang country in Nong’an city as the reference study areas.UsingGPS field point method to collect the soil samplesof the surface soil,deep soil and sectionlayer soil.Selecting the X fluorescence spectrum,emission spectrometry,glass electrodemethod to determine the contents of soil elements and soil pH value.Using the SPSS17.0andEXCEL2003to deal with the statistical data.It uses the single factor index method andcomprehensive pollution index method to evaluate the contaminant indexes of the soilsamples and also analysis the relationship between the soil pH and the contents of soilelements.This paper concluded the main results as follows:Generally, the soil in the study area is weak acidity; pH values range from4.99to8.65,the average value is6.702.The soil pH value of each area varies greatly, the acidy enhanced guadually from west to east.The soil environmental quality of the study area belongs to thebackground level,consistent with the first-level given by GB15618-1995.The Cd content ofthe local area in Qiangang country exceed the standard,which does not meet the second-levelgiven by GB15618-1995.The content characteristics of the large number elements in each area isK>Ca>Mg>N>P, except Qiangang in Nong’an; the content characteristics of the essentialtrace elements is Fe>Mn>Zn>B>Cu>Mo; the content characeristics of the beneficialelements is Si>Na>Ni>Co; the content characeristics of the harmful elements isCr>Pb>As>Cd>Hg, which are same with the distribution regularity of the soil elementscontent of Jilin Province.The content of Mg, Zn, Mo is lower than the average of JilinProvince; the content of Cd, As, Pb and other heavy metal elements is lower than the averageof Jilin Province.The content of the essential elements is rising with the increasing of the soildepth; the content of harmful elements is reducing with the increasing of the soil depth.The content of Ca, Mg, Mo and Zn in the surface soil in Yushu city and Nong’ancountry has a significantly positive correlation with the soil pH value,the maximumdetermination coefficient is0.8421,which indicates that Ca, Mg, Mo and Zn loss with theenhancement of the soil acidity; The content of N, P,K, Fe, Mn, Cr, Pb and As in the surfacesoil in Yushu city and Nong’an country has a significantly negative correlation with the soilpH value,the maximum determination coefficient is0.6864,which indicates that N, P, K, Fe,Mn, Cr, Pb and As accumulate with the enhancement of the soil acidity.The maximum of the soil pH value appears in Qiangang Nong’an country and thelowest value appears in Xiangyang Yushu City. The unreasonable land use (such asfertilization and irrigation) effects the soil pH,which leads the erosion and accumulation ofthe elements in the soil.This paper put forward some planning suggestions for the soilenvironmental quality of thhe study areas through the soil environmental qualitycomprenhensive assessment of the middle of Jilin Province: we should sovle the fertilizationtechnical problems and develop the special fertilizer that fit for acid soil and alkali soilrespectively,and targete deployed the fertilization to prevent the loss of the large number ofelements and the accumulation of the harmful elements,protect and improve the soilenvironment quality in order to enhance the potentially agricultural production capacity.