The Impact Of Open Mineral Exploitation On Landscape Pattern And Ecosystem Function In Grassland Region

Coal mine is main energy in China, the exploitation of large open pit has been accelerated the local economic and social development, but also triggered a series of regional ecological and environmental problems. Therefore, it plays a significant role to discussing the impact of large-scale mineral exploitation, and clarifies the relationship between landscape pattern dynamics and ecosystem structure and function. Firstly, we chosen Heidaigou open pit of Zhungger in Inner Mongolia as study area, and obtained the LUCC since1987of this area using of remote sensing, GIS and GPS technology, combining with the field survey. Secondly, we analyzed the relationship between landscape pattern dynamics and ecosystem functions. The main results were as follows:1. We proposed the method to obtaining optimum size of study area by comparing ecosystem function contribution in mining area, and10km buffer was the optimum size of study area;2. The two main type of land use/land cover were the grassland and agricultural land, and both reduced in the past20years. Meanwhile, there were sharp increasing on mineral and residential land;3. Landscape pattern has been changing, but it showed different dynamic characteristics in two different scales (the mining area and study area);4. NDVI showed downward trend, and more significant in mining area;5. The partial correlation analysis between landscape pattern and ecosystem function (controlling factor is the precipitation of growing season) showed positive correlation between landscape configuration and NDVI, and was particularly notable in the large spatial scales. In smaller spatial scale, the relationship of landscape structure and composition was more important, and they were correlated negatively;6. The revegetation cannot change the relationship between landscape pattern and ecosystem function at large scale for the limitation of its size and succession. Furthermore, There were scale dependence to the change of landscape pattern and the relationship between landscape pattern and ecosystem function. Last, it should be more easily to enhance the ecosystem function in mining area and surrounding spaces, and also improve the quality of regional ecosystem services to combine the theory of landscape ecology and ecological restoration.