| Hunan Zhuzhou Smelter is the largest non-ferrous metal processing base,maken a major contribution to mining development,since the founding of themotherland, but in the course of several decades of production, as productiontechnology, production equipment and the "waste" disposal facilities and many otherissues, smelters also discharge to the surrounding environment, a lot of heavy metalpollution, a serious threat to the surrounding environment and public health. Theanalysis and evaluation of heavy metals emissions of Zhuzhou Smelter on themigration patterns and distribution, not only has practical significance on the localecological environment protection and health of the masses, but also has far-reachingsignificance for the sustainable development of Zhuzhou industry.In this paper, heavy metals (Hg, As and Cu, Cd, Pb, Zn) of Soil and crop,human hair surrounding Zhuzhou smelter as the research object, through reasonablesampling, analysis of measurement, statistics and other means to reveal the smelterarsenic pollution in the surrounding environment and make the appropriateevaluation, to be basis for scientific management of the soil environmental ofZhuzhou City. In the experiment nitric acid-perchloric acid is mixed to wetdigestion of crop samples (rice, peanuts, beans, bitter melon, pepper, spinach, etc.)and human hair samples, is aqua regia is used to the digestion of soil samples (paddysoil, vegetable soil), improved slightly five-step extraction using tessier method toon the soil samples were extracted step by step form. Finally hydride generation-atomic fluorescence spectrometry is used to determinate As and Hg cotent of thesample solution，atomic absorption spectrophotometry is used to determinate Cu, Cdand Pb, Zn cotent of the sample solution.Experimental results show: Hg, Pb, Zn, Cu, Cd contamination of soil around the smelter more than the background value of hunan province and the secondarystandard value of GB15618-1995《soil environmental quality standards》, the mostserious pollution among them cadmium is cadmium,the second is mercury, lead andzinc. The content distribution of heavy metal in the soil mainly concentrates insurface,and by the surface to deep roughly decrease,it shows the reason of heavymetal content of soil is too high that is the local environmental pollution, and is notthe background value.Speciationg analysis showed that each form content of heavymetal (Hg, As, Cu, Zn) in soil,distribution trend roughly of that:soil residual>organic bound> Mn oxidation state> weak acid extractable> exchangeable> watersoluble;distribution trend roughly of heavy metal (Pb):Mn oxidation state> organicbound> soil residual> exchangeable> weak acid extractable> water soluble;distribution trend roughly of heavy metal (Cd):weak acid extractable>exchangeable> Mn oxidation state> soil residual>water soluble> organic bound,the Cd of the heavy metals in the soil,ability of activity and transference of that isvery strong, so that pollution of the heavy metal (Cd) is concerned especially.Thepollution of grain and vegetable:the pollution of the zinc in grain is the most serious,content of the zinc in peanuts beyond the limit more than30times, the second isthe lead and mercury, beyond the limits of more than ten times; for the same kind ofvegetables, the heavy metal content of different sampling points is but not equally,general rule is that the near place to the factory where is the more seriouspollution,so suggestions that grain and vegetable of where as far as possible from thefactory,that be food,high enrichment capacity of plants that can be planted aroundthe factory,and that can lighten the heavy metal pollution to the environment.Thatoverall pollution situation of hair in local person:the content of trace elements(Pb,Hg) is outside the normal range,of which the most serious is Pb, followed byHg.Visible,the reason of Pb, Hg content exceeds standard is the soil-food-the humansystem migration transformed; and the content of the arsenic, cadmium, zinc andcopper in hair samples is not beyond the upper limit value, and compaired with thatserious exceeds standard the content of the cadmium, zinc in the soil, grain,vegetable,that may be due to local residents of grain and vegetables though, but forplanting area is very small, very small consumption, or even though eat the localfood vegetables, but due to the heavy metals in the process of cooking form changed,and not be absorbed by human body.Thus, the heavy metal of production process release in zhuzhou smelter,that has acertain influence on surrounding environment，the growth of surrounding plants and animals would cause direct harm, but in special circumstances such as acid rain, soilheavy metal form transformation can occur, resulting in heavy metal pollution,which shouldarouse people’s full attention. |
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