The Analysis Of Nutrients Of Main Mushrooms In Zhejiang Province And The Quality And Structural Studies Of Polysaccaride

There were three parts in this researchs, including:(1) The comparison of nutrients between main mushrooms in Zhejiang Province, Lentinus edodes, Agaricus bisporus, Flammulina velutipes and Auricularia auricular(Choosing three different varieties of this four kinds of mushrooms).(2) The analysis on quality of the polysaccharides (molecular weight distribution, monosaccharide composition, biological activity, etc.).(3) Polysaccharides structure analysis.According to the determination and analysis, the nutrients in those mushrooms were different, and there was a certain similarity and consistency of the nutrients between the varieties within the same species. These studied mushrooms had the high protein and low fat, not only rich in mineral elements, but also containing varieties of essential amino acids and non-essential amino acids.The main active substance in the mushrooms was polysaccharide. In this study, polysaccharides were extracted by water and precipitated with ethanol. IR spectra showed the polysaccharides characteristic absorption peak, with polysaccharide functional groups, such as-OH,-NH, C-H, C-O, pyranose ring. Gas chromatography combined with polysaccharides and experimental data analysis can be seen, the main monosaccharide composition was D-mannose and D-glucose and D-galactose.Because of the ability of reduction, scavenging of hydroxyl radicals, superoxide anion and DPPH, the polysaccharide had the antioxidant activity. Here was the order of the antioxidant activity of the four mushroom polysaccharides:Agaricus bisporus> Lentinus edodes> Auricularia auricular> Flammulina velutipes. So we chosed Agaricus bisporus polysaccharides to be purified and structural studied.The crude polysaccharide of Agaricus bisporus had been separated and purified by radial flow chromatography (decolorization, deproteinized) and Sephacryl-300to a single polysaccharide (ABP-1).Analyzed by IR, GC, GC-MS and NMR, ABP-1was composed by four monosaccharides:xylose, mannose, glucose and galactose with the molar ratio of0.82:0.60:1.00:2.77. And the methylation showed that it contained terminal of xylose linkage,1,6glucose linkage,1,6galactose linkage and1,3,6mannose linkage. The ABP-1polysaccharide was speculated that the main chain was connected by1,6glucose and galactose and a small amount of branched-chain (1â†'3,6) of mannose, the main-chain and branched-chain contained the terminal (1â†') xylose. As the NMR showed, the most of the sugar residue were existed as β glucose configuration, including some a-mannose.