Optimization Of Extraction Process Of Mushroom Polysaccharides And Analysis Of HPLC Fingerprint

Mushroom polysaccharides not only have multiple pHarmacological activities,such as antiviral,antitumor,immunomodulatory,hypoglycemic,antioxidative properties and etc.,but also its low toxicity is suitable for long term use.At present,it has been a hot issue for the research on extraction of mushroom polysaccharides,with various extraction methods being investigated.The common extraction methods include traditional hot water reflux,dilute acid,dilute alkali,ultrasonic and microwave-assisted method.Different extraction methods are varied in extraction rates,as well as their advantages and disadvantages.Most researchers and enterprises have focused on the extraction rate,however,only few examined on the consistency of structure and efficacy of extracted mushroom polysaccharides.In chapter 2,with application of single factor,the effects of the ratio of material to liquid,extraction temperature,extraction duration and extraction times on polysaccharides extraction rate by traditional hot water reflux method,were investigated.It obtained the optimum process,which the ratio of material to liquid was 1:30,the extraction temperature was 90?,and the extraction times contained two stages which required 60 min and 30 min respectively.Likewise,with single factor examination,the optimum extraction process by dilute alkali method was illustrated that the pH was 10,the ratio of material to liquid was 1:30,the extraction temperature was 90?,and the extraction times included 2 stages,first of which was extracted for 60 min while the second,30 min.The optimum process of ultrasonic extraction was demonstrated that the ratio of material to liquid was 1:30,the ultrasonic frequency was 300 W,and the ultrasonic temperature was 30?.In chapter 3,it was first proposed the polysaccharides were extracted by dilute alcohols and alkali.Due to appropriate amount of ethanol that can infiltrate the cells,the presence of ethanol causes the increase of membrane permeability(relative conductivity)and the increase of degree of membrane oxidation.Therefore,the polysaccharides in the cell wall dissolve into the extract more easily.Examined by single factor,the optimum extraction process has been determined,which the concentration of ethanol was 3%,the pH was 10,the ratio of material to liquid was 1:30,the extraction temperature was 90?,and the extraction time were divided into 2 stages.The first stage of extraction required 60 min while the second stage lasted for 30 min.The extraction rate by dilute alcohol-alkali method reached 14.5% approximately,which was 1.20 times of the traditional hot water reflux,1.16 times the dilute alkali extraction,and 1.46 times the ultrasonic extraction.In chapter 4,the experimental procedure of mushroom polysaccharide HPLC fingerprint were optimized,and the fingerprints of hot water reflux extraction,dilute alkali method,dilute alcohol-alkali method and ultrasonic method were compared and analyzed.The results showed that the polysaccharides extracted by dilute alcohol alkali and hot water reflux had similar fingerprints,and the proportion of monosaccharides in the polysaccharides was indicated accordant basically.Moreover,the extraction method by dilute alcohol and alkali has retained the advantages of the traditional hot water reflux method,such as using simple equipment,applying practical process and low cost,and it effectively raised the extraction rate by 20% as well.Thus,this exaction method could be promoted to the industrial mass production of mushroom polysaccharides in healthcare products enterprises and pHarmaceutical enterprises.