Preparation Of Organic Amines And Quaternary Ammonium Salts Intercalated α-Zirconium Phosphate Compounds And Their Application In Adsorption Of Phenolic Compounds

α-ZrP is known as a cationic layered compound, and its intercalationcompounds have a certain capacity to adsorb toxic substances from wastewater. In this paper, the organic amines and quaternary ammonium salts wereintercalated α-ZrP by direct intercalation and exfoliation intercalation. Theintercalation compounds were characterized by XRD, FTIR, SEM, TG, and soon. The intercalation compounds were studied not only the adsorptionperformance to phenol, chlorophenol and cresol, but also the affecting factorsto adsorption of phenols and the adsorption mechanism. The main contentswere concluded as follows:1. The butylamine intercalated α-ZrP（BA-ZrP） and the anilineintercalated α-ZrP（Ben-ZrP） were prepared by direct intercalation. The TOAintercalated α-ZrP（TOA-ZrP） was prepared by exfoliation intercalation usingtetrabutyl ammonium hydroxide as a gel reagent. The results showed that theorganic amines intercalated α-ZrP would not destroy the laminate structure ofα-ZrP, but would increase the interlayer distances of α-ZrP. The interlayerdistances of BA-ZrP, Ben-ZrP and TOA-ZrP were increased to1.89,1.27and2.23nm, and the crystallinities were good to the intercalation compounds.The TOA molecules which intercalated into α-ZrP were combined withHPO₄^2-groups by electrostatic attraction.2. The organic amines intercalation compounds adsorbed phenols fromwater. The results showed that TOA-ZrP had a high capacity on the adsorptionof phenols and its adsorption amounts were better than BA-ZrP. Theadsorption amounts of TOA-ZrP to phenol,2-chlorophenol and2,4-dichlorophenol were0.509,0.932and1.212mmol/g. Ben-ZrP did notadsorb phenol, and had a few adsorption amounts on2-chlorophenol and2,4-dichlorophenol. The adsorption amounts of phenols by the organic aminesintercalation compounds were in the order:2,4-dichlorophenol＞ 2-chlorophenol＞phenol.3. The compounds of quaternary ammonium salts intercalated α-ZrPwere successfully prepared with different amounts of quaternary ammoniumsalts intercalating into α-ZrP with methylamine weakening the interlayer forceof α-ZrP. The arrangement of quaternary ammonium salts in the interlayer ofZrP were speculated according to the characterization results. The adsorptionmechanism of phenols by the intercalation compounds were investigated. Theresults showed that the ideal arrangements of ammonium cations in theinterlayer of ZrP were arranged upper and lower cross, and were combinedwith P—O groups which were the anion on the laminates of ZrP byelectrostatic attraction; The intercalation compounds had good adsorptionproperties on phenols, of which CTAB-ZrP was the best intercalationcompound to adsorption of phenols. The solution pH had an effect on theadsorption amounts of phenols. CTAB-ZrP was mainly adsorbed C₆H₅OH,and not C6H5O. The experiment of CTAB-ZrP adsorbed phenols withdifferent hydrophobicity showed that the adsorption amounts had a positivecorrelation with the hydrophobicity of phenols and not related to the acidity ofphenolic compounds. The sorption isotherms fit closely to Henry andFreundlich equations. Therefore, the adsorption mechanism was mainlyassociated with the partition of different phenols in organic phase of theintercalation compounds.