ATP Device Trials And Research Dealing With Small Particles Of Shale

Every country in the world has paid more attention to the development andutilization of oil shale resource with the energy supply situation severely day by day.Oil shale is a rock which contains inflammable kerogen and can be used as a replaceresource of oil gas as well as a valuable and non-regenerated fuel resource. Thestorage of oil shale around the world is great larger than the potential recoveryquantity of natural oil. Under the energy severe situation, the exploration of oil shaleto replace the crude oil has significance to the development of national economy.China is one of the richest oil shale reserve countries with the detected oil shalereserve being315.67billion tons.At present, the retorting technique mainly adopted for big particle oil shale toproducing shale oil. For the tails that is the remaining small particle oil shale, there isno effective method to extract the shale oil. In order to make the small particle of oilshale resource is fully utilized and effectively, therefore, to find a processing methodfor small particle oil shale for preparing oil is an important task in nowadays.This study aimed at the Liaoning province Fushun city abundant oil shaleresource and status of exploitation and utilization, based on Fushun mining groupshale oil plant small particle oil shale ATP project oil processing method, referencedCanada Umatac ATP60system process data and used for guide FMG ATP deviceoperation.In reference to a large number of literatures, the main research direction of thisstudy was identified, which is based on ATP60furnace and the existing FMG ATPdevice as debugging base, in order to make a good production trial operation for ATPdevice. This study is on the basis of oil shale pyrolysis for producing shale oil throughthe experiments. The influencing rule for the reaction temperature, feed rate, rawmaterial particle size and other main parameter on shale oil yield was obtained duringthe oil shale pyrolysis process. The influence mechanism of these factors wasanalyzed, which lays a foundation for the application of future oil shale pyrolysisproducing shale oil technology. At the same time, the quantitative model of oil shalepyrolysis was established through gas composition analysis, which lays the certainresearch foundation for the comprehensive utilization of oil shale. According to ATPhot commissioning results, oil shale particle size is the biggest impact on the shale oilyield. The volatile component of smaller particle size in the processor may volatilizecompletely in an instant. Too big particle size may lead to incomplete oil shalereaction; the second main influencing factor is feed rate, because the feed rate directlyaffects the residence time of cracking gas in the fluidized bed reactor. Too longresidence time is easy to cause the secondary cracking, and the shale oil productionwill be reduced; temperature is the minimal influencing factor in the three factors, ifthe reaction temperature is too low, oil shale pyrolysis can not be complete and theproduction of shale oil will be reduced. This study did a research on retorting reactionmechanism, it can be considered that during450℃to600℃, oil shale kerogen willbe thermal cracking which similar to macromolecular hydrocarbon reaction. Thermalcracking reaction is very complex. When heavy oil or heavy oil asphaltene is heated than450℃, the big molecules splits into small molecules. At the same time, a smallnumber of oligomerization (olefine oligomerization) and condensation occur andmake a part of molecules into larger molecules. Thermal cracking is carried outaccording to the mechanism of free radical reactions. During400～600℃,macromolecular alkanes split into small molecular alkanes and olefins; naphthenichydrocarbons split into small molecules or dehydrogenation into aromatichydrocarbons which side chain is easy to break; aromatic hydrocarbon ring is difficultto split, side chain fracture is mainly happened. The feature of thermal cracking gas ismore component of methane, ethane-vinyl; the corresponding, but in practicalindustrial applications, there is more component of propane-propylene andbutane-butene in catalytic cracking gas. The catalytic cracking reaction should followthe mechanism of carbonium ion chain reaction.