Pollution Characteristics And Health Risk Of Phthalates In Indoor Air

Nearly half a century, with the acceleration of the process of economic development, population growth and urbanization, there have been major changes in decoration materials and consumer products used in houses. Pollutants in indoor air have gradually changed. As a result, pollution characteristics, health hazards and control measures of semi-volatile organic compounds in indoor air began to receive widespread attention. Phthalates as endocrine disruptors, having the role of anti-androgen, have already been ubiquitous in the indoor environment.In this thesis, the method of simultaneous sampling and determination of the gas phase and particle phase phthalates in indoor air was established. XAD-2sorbent and glass fiber filters were used to collect indoor air phthalates. Samples were extracted from filters and XAD-2by an ultrasonic extraction, concentrated by nitrogen and analyzed by GC-FID. The pretreatment conditions were optimized. As a result, the optimum extraction solvent was dichloromethane/acetone (1:1, v:v); the best extraction way was ultrasonic extraction; the optimum extraction time of gas phase phthalates was30mins while particle phase phthalates25mins. In this method, sampling efficiencies of XAD-2were between92.64%to98.64%, and the recoveries were from88.78%to109.54%, precision (RSD)<10.0%. Besides, the detection limit of phthalates was in the range of12.21-27.58ng/m3.This thesis describes in detail the research progress of the indoor air phthalate plasticizers and summarizes the sources and characteristics of indoor air phthalates. In the case study of Hangzhou, the concentration levels and pollution characteristics, of different forms of phthalate esters in indoor air from newly decorated houses, shopping centres, student dormitories and cars, were first studied; and the health risks caused by phthalate exposure was estimated. Results indicate that concentration of phthalates in four microenvironments were12096.4ng/m3,68.004μg/m3,8122.8ng/m3,10492.6ng/m3. Pollution level is the shopping centres>newly decorated houses>cars>student dormitories. The main pollutants in indoor air from the house, student dormitories and car are DEHP and BBP,while DEHP and DBP are main in the shopping centres. DnOP was not detected in all samples.According to our study, the characteristic database of phthalates pollution in indoor environment was enriched. It, for the first time, analyzed concentrations and pollution characteristics of different forms of phthalates in different indoor air and estimated their potential health risks. These data were used to understand the status of indoor phthalates pollution in China, to provide the scientific basis for controlling phthalate esters pollution in indoor air, and further, to give reference for setting indoor air quality standard for phthalate esters.