The Land Use/Cover Change And A Estimate On Its Ecosystem Service Value Of Inner Mongolia In Nearly20Years

As an ecological barrier of the middle and eastern region in China, InnerMongolia Autonomous Region’s land use/cover change has been being adomestic research focus. The long-term large-scale grassland reclamation,deforestation and the cropland conversion carried out in2000undoubtedlyhad a profound impact on the way and intensity of land use in Inner Mongolia.Moreover changes on land use played a decisive role in maintaining theperformance of ecosystem services. So, with the acceleration of the ecologicalreconstruction in Inner Mongolia, it is full of both economic andenvironmental significance to optimize its land use structure as well as tohighlight its land use ecological.This paper, analyzed the two periods(1990～2000,2000～2008) changesof dynamic characteristics in Inner Mongolia by using different land usechange models, such as land use dynamics, land-use index, and differentdegrees in regional land use changes.Besides, Constanza’s, Xie Gaodi’s andsome others’ researches about the estimate of ecosystem service value inInner Mongolia are referenced. The results showed that:(1) In the period of1990~2008,there was an growth in the area of arableland, the construction land and the unused land in Inner Mongolia, especiallyin arable land and construction land, having increased1.25million hectaresand76.9thousand hm2in total respectively, among which, mostly wereconverted from grassland. On the contrary, the amount of its grasslands,woodlands and waters trended to be reduce.Between1990and2000, the landuse change in Inner Mongolia focused on grassland reclamation, and mainlyhappened in its eastern regions, such as Hulunbeier, Chifeng, Xing’anmeng,etc. In addition, during this period, the region’s land degradation area was0.83million hectares; and the intensity of its land-use change between2000and2008declined to a certain degree, compared which to the year between 1990and2000. During2000~2008, the exploitation and reclamation amountof this region’s arable land was totally0.42million hm2, which was one-thirdof that in the year between1990and2000. Apart from this, the EcologicalRestoration area had increased to0.25million hm2in this region and the urbanexpansion area was65.1thousand hm2, which was five times of that in theyear between1990and2000. From2000to2008, the land degradation area inInner Mongolia was0.40million hm2, which was less than half of that in theperiod between1990and2000. Overall, the speed of cropland conversion isfar behind that of grassland reclamation and grassland degradation.(2) Between1990and2000, analyzed from the view of the total valueand changes in ecosystem services, the total value of ecosystem servicestrended to be declined, which was mainly caused by the great decrease ongrassland, woodland; analyzed from the net change of ecosystem servicevalue between Union Cities, the loss of ecological value in Xinganmeng andHulunbeier, was the biggest losing part, accounting for more than50percentsof the total amount in this whole region. According to the individual ESVcontribution to the total value of ecosystem services, soil conservation,biodiversity maintainment and hydrological regulation declined in sequence,among which both soil conservation and biodiversity maintainment reachedmore than90billion yuan. Viewed the ecosystem services value from theregional differences, the eastern part in the Inner Mongolia was significantlyhigher than the western regions for their big forest ecosystem, however, thewestern regions such as Xilin Gol, Erdos, Baotou and Wuhai, had to be relyon their grassland resources. Furthermore, the sensitivity analysis resultsshowed that the ecosystem service value in Inner Mongolia is infexible to theecosystem services index,so the results are credible.(3) The implementation of Ecological Restoration could Effectivelyimprove the level of ecosystem services value per unit area in Inner Mongolia.However, with too much historical destruction, Over-grazing, deforestationand unreasonable land use patterns result in land degradation phenomenonstill spreading among the last decades.At present, the implementation of ecological restoration project only promoted localized ecological environment.Consequently, all levels of governments must premise the food security andactively improve the compensation mechanism of ecological farmland inorder to achieving the great goal of the ecological restoration in InnerMongolia region.