Research On Construction And Evaluation Of River Wetland Based On Ecological Restoration

As a unique ecosystem on earth, wetland has the rich natural resources and important ecosystem services. With the socio-economic development and increase of human cognition on nature, wetland has been appreciated and utilized. River wetland is a significant kind of wetland types, which is closely related to human living and production. River wetland is located in land-river ecotones, where have a higher water level, special vegetation and soil properties, rich biodiversity and high productive. Due to excessive exploitation and utilization of human, river wetland ecosystem is seriously degenerated, influencing the sustainable development of human and society. Therefore, it’s very necessary to develop the research on ecological restoration river wetland, aiming at protecting effectively and utilizing scientific. Based on the above background, this paper combined with the reason analysis of river wetland degradation, studied ecosystem degradation process, ecological restoration scheme and project construction of Gudonghe river wetland, evaluating construction benefit. The main research content and results are as follows:(1) This article expounded river wetland degradation causes from two aspects:natural disturbance and human activities, and analyzed degradation reasons from two aspects of natural and man-made disturbances, combining with the actual situation of Gudonghe river wetland. The main reasons are:the flood erosion, industrial and agricultural sewage, life rubbish filling, open-pit mining and reclamation. These interferences caused ecosystem structure and function degradation of Gudonghe river wetland, the following are specific characteristics:wetland area reducing, water pollution, soil erosion and biodiversity declining. From the perspective of landscape, the degenerated features are simple ecology landscape types, spatial heterogeneity reduced and landscape fragmentation.(2) Established the ecological restoration scheme and construction contents of Gudonghe river wetland, combining with river wetland ecological restoration technology. The ecological restoration technology of river wetland mainly includes three aspects in habitat, biocenose and landscape:firstly, eliminate interference factors and create a good habitat conditions; Restore plant communities, create habitat and restore biodiversity; build the wetland visually aesthetic space. Applied the ecological restoration technology of river wetland to Gudonghe wetland engineering practice, and set the restoration principle and purpose of Gudonghe wetland restoration, based on three theories:restoration ecology, landscape ecology and ecological planning. The scheme of Gudonghe wetland construction was designed according to the principle of ecological restoration. Ecological restoration projects and contents of Gudonghe wetland were determined and carried out through scheme comparison analysis.(3)Build the ecological restoration evaluation index system of river wetland, and definitize the evaluation method. The evaluation system of ecological restoration includes ecological benefit, economic benefit and social benefit. Ecological benefit indexes have flood homogenization, water conservation, biological habitat, climate regulation, purifying water quality, soil and water conservation, etc.; Economic indicators have water and wetland products; Social benefit indexes have leisure tourism and research culture. The paper takes Gudonghe wetland as an example, calculated and analyzed the change of comprehensive benefit of Gudonghe river wetland restoration before and after the construction. And the value is1.6485million yuan per year and2.3845million yuan per year respectively. After the restoration, the comprehensive benefit of Gudonghe wetland is1.45times of the original benefit. The benefit after restoration construction is remarkable, social benefits increase significantly.