Research On Occupant Protection Efficiency Of The Seat Belt Based On Analysis Of Bus Rollover Accidents

As the major tra nsportation whe n peop le tra ve l, the production and theconsumptio n o f the bus are large. But in China both the inte ger techno lo gy a nd thesafety regulatio n are under the world advanced le ve l. Once bus accidents happen,the y belo ng to serious tra ffic accidents whic h cause mass ive death and injuried andbring about enormo us losses to the natio na l econo my a nd peop le’s lives.Countless practices prove that the seat belt can provide effective protectio n forthe occupants when road traffic acc idents happen. But affected by the overa lltechnica l le ve l, la ws and regulatio ns, awareness of the concept and ma ny otherfactors, the ins ta llatin and applicatio n of the seat belts on the buses is far less than incars. There fore, the occupant protectio n effic ie nc y ana lys is o f d iffere nt types of seatbelt in bus ro llo ver accidents is quite necessary to promote the seat belt on the busesin China.Firstly, after reading a large number of bus sa fety research literatures, the paperoutlines the bus sa fety regulatio ns and safe ty tec hno lo gies at ho me and abroad. The nbased on three typ ica l bus ro llo ver accide nts, this paper summarized the reasonscaus ing the accide nts, the occupants’ injuries and the ma in injury parts. Thirdly,according to the ECE R66regulations, a finite e le ment s imulation mode l o f busrollo ver was estab lis hed by us ing FEM software Hypermesh and no nlinear FEAsoftware LS-DYNA to ana lyze the surviva l space of the bus and verify the structuresafety of the bus finite e le ment mode l. During the process, five positions wereselected in the bus for subseque ntly ana lyzing the occupant injury. Based on thefore going work, three PSM substruc ture mode ls were built in the multi-bodydyna mics so ftware MADYMO, whic h conta ined dummies a nd differe nt types of seatbelt. Thus the occupant injury in different restraint cond itio ns was ana lyzed to verifythe protective effic ienc y o f the seat belts.The results of this study show that the occupants’ survival space of the busfinite e le me nt mode l can be guara nteed during the b us ro llover process. The injuryof the occupants without the seat belt’s protection mainly stems from the crashbetween the occupa nts and the bus inner wa ll or the seats. While the injury of theoccupa nts with the protection o f seat belts ma y a lso ste m fro m the restra int force o fthe seat belt, but the injury was less serio us. Three-po int seat be lt can restrain themovement of the occupants’ upper body, so the head protection effect is more obvio us tha n two-point seat be lt a nd the le g protective e ffic ie nc y is worse tha ntwo-point seat belt.