Template Synthesis Of Electrode Material For Novel Superca-pacitors And There Electrochemical Properties

Numerous researches were focused on electrode materials ofsupercapacitor. In this thesis, template method was applied to prepareelectrode materials with different morphology and structures. TG, XRD,SEM, TEM and BET measures were used to analyze the microstructureand morphology of these electrode materials. The electrochemicalcapacitance performances were characterized by cyclic voltammetry（CV）,galvanostatic charge-discharge and electrochemical impedance（EIS）techniques. The main contents are listed as follows:（1） Co₃O₄, NiO and MnO₂nanotubes were synthesized in anodicaluminum oxide （AAO）“hard” templates by a simple chemicalprecipitation process followed by heating treatment, using CoCl₂·6H₂O,NiCl₂·6H₂O and MnCl₂·4H₂O as raw material, respectively. NH₃·H₂Owas selected as precipitating. The surface area of the as-prepared Co₃O₄nanotubes is218m²/g, with a pore size distribution in the range of40¹00nm. The CV, galvanostatic charge-discharge and EISmeasurements indicated that their capacitance could reach as high as574F/g. After1000cycles, the specific capacitance can still maintain at552F/g, which illustrate that the material has good cycle stability. Thesurface area of NiO nanotubes is239m²/g, and the maximum specificcapacitance is266F/g; the surface area of MnO₂nanotubes is179m²/g,and the maximum specific capacitance is566F/g. Furthermore, aftercycling for1000times, their specific capacitance still remained at90%.（2） P123was employed as a “soft”template to prepare Co₃O₄nanomaterials. The electrochemical results show that the Co₃O₄hasgood performance。As the concentration of P123increased from0g/L to50g/L, the specific capacitance increased significantly, from263F/g to325F/g. P123concentration increased from50g/L increased to75g/L,the specific capacitance increased slowly, from325F/g to326.7F/g. （3） A sol-gel method was employed to synthesize NiO and NiO/Co₃O₄nanocomposites using P123as a “soft” template. The impact of the heattreatment temperature on specific capacitance was investigated, and350°C was selected as the the optimum heat treatment temperature. Thespecific capacitance of the NiO prepared within templates has increasedby110%（from273to583F/g）. The maximum specific capacitance ofNiO/Co₃O₄is as high as671F/g, which has higher specificsupercapacitance than pure NiO or Co₃O₄.（4） MnO₂nanorods with a diameter of200nm and length of2μmwere prepared by hydrothermal procedure using CTAB as a soft template.Electrochemical tests showed that their maximum specific capacitancereaches140F/g。...