Shotr-time Effect Of Different Tillage Management On Spirng Maize In Semi-aird Region Of Jilin Porvince

As the rainfall cannot meet the needs of maize growth, soil moisture lost byevaporation fast, so soil in this region is becoming poorer in recently years for thewestern region of Jilin Province, At the same time, the current farming methods is sotime-consuming and made a serious damage to the soil, correspondingly, the yield ofmaize lower apparently than other regions. This test is based on the specialeco-climatic conditions and severe situation for the maize production in this area. Weset three tillage management: No-tillage with stubble （NTS）,No-tillage with stubblecoverage（NTSC）,Conventional tillage （CT） since2008.Through the field experiment,we researched short-time effect of tillage management to maize growth,photosynthetic physiology, field microclimate, soil physical and chemical propertiesand maize yield. The main results of this study are as follows:1. Tillage management could affect soil water content above the30cm soil depth,which can significantly improve water content of the20cm layer soil. For soiltemperature, the different tillage treatments affect5-10cm layer soil temperature moreobvious, while the Flatten-tillage with stubble coverage （FTSC） makes air humidityincreased by1.3%and0.27%, dew point temperature increased0.63°C and0.07°C,air temperature decreases0.3°C and0.03°C in jointing and silking period, Whichmakes an increase of air moisture, it’s favorable for growth of maize.2. Flatten-tillage with stubble （FTS） and Conventional tillage （CT） increased the0-20cm layer soil bulk density, while Flatten-tillage with stubble coverage （FTSC）cause20-30cm of soil bulk density increased, Soil compaction of0-10cm layerbetween the soil and10-20cm soil increases, for stubble treatment under the role ofstraw mulch, soil permeability makes flat down, top soil field capacity was increasedby more than5.45%and6.25%, also surface soil water storage capacity increased toCT treatment.In addition, different tillage treatments make an effect on Soil respiration to0-10cm and10-20cm soil depth, while the20-30cm and30-40cm layer soil was notaffected, compared with the ridge, Flatten-tillage with stubble coverage （FTSC） andFlatten-tillage with stubble （FTS） treatment improved the plow layer （0-20cm） of soilurease and catalase activity, and20-30cm soil activity of three enzymes did notinfluence by the farming process. 3. The comparison of emergence rate, morphological index and of corn underlodging rate showed that: by seizing suitable sowing time under Flatten-tillage withstubble coverage （FTSC） and Flatten-tillage with stubble （FTS） treatment, also canget a better germination rate. Besides, Flatten-tillage with stubble coverage （FTSC）increased stem diameter and leaf area in maize growth period compared other twotreatment，under Flatten-tillage with stubble coverage （FTSC） ear height raised6.75cm than CT, lower stem diameter, Results of lodging rate increased3.92%with thetreatment of FTS.4. Flatten-tillage with stubble coverage （FTSC） can enlarge the level of stomataconductance, so intercellular CO₂transfer more efficiency to other treatment, whichcan be replenished, when makes leaves in CO₂-hungry state, thereby thephotosynthetic rate increased19.11%than other two treatment. Under Flatten-tillagewith stubble coverage （FTSC） initial fluorescence F0, maximum fluorescence Fm andphotochemical efficiency of PSⅡ reaction center Fv/Fm, PSⅡ reaction centeractivity, Fv/F0potential parameters such as levels were significantly higher than forstubble and ridge treatment，thus，enhance the photosynthetic efficiency.5. Corn dry matter accumulation procession can be simulated using the Logisticmodel under different tillage, and different Tillage treatments showed significantdifferences on biomass accumulation from50days after sowing, moreover, levels ofdry matter accumulation under Flatten-tillage with stubble coverage （FTSC） treatmentis higher than Flatten-tillage with stubble （FTS）, Conventional tillage （CT） wasminimum from the comparison. The maximum of dry matter accumulation rate（Vmax） for FTSC、FTS and CT were4.33g/d、4.51g/d、4.22g/d respectively， the testalso showed, the maximum of dry matter accumulation rate （Tmax） appeared indifferent time，they were61d、59d and62d respectively after sowing.At last, from the results of two years trial, Flatten-tillage with stubble coverage（FTSC） treatment made a significant higher yield production to Flatten-tillage withstubble （FTS） and Conventional tillage （CT）.