Study On Rhziosphere Soil Enzyme Activity And Microorganism Of23Bamboos In Costal Shelter-forest

This paper took the rhziosphere soil of23bamboos in costal shelter-forest as research object, the soil improvement by bamboo introduction in coastal sand as goal, study on the soil enzymes activities, soil microorganism quantity and the changes of soil nutrient content and so on, probing into the improvement of soil circumstance and soil fertility by bamboo introduction, object of which is to provide the theoretical basis for introduction of bamboo in costal shelter-forest. The main study results were as following:(1):The enzyme activities were significantly different in rhizosphere soil among different species of bamboo, which are biological characteristics of different. The results showed that:the soil invertase activity of D. minor var.amoenus(Q.H.Dai et C.F.Huang) Hsueh et D.Z.Li was the highest, which increased by12.39times than bare land,and B. multiplex vat.strigosa Wen、B. contracta Chia et H.L. Fung were lower while D. brandisii (Munro) Kurz was the lowest; the soil amylase activity of P. violascens f. prevernalis S.Y.Chen et C.Y. Yao was the highest, which was4.60times as bare land, and B. multiplex ’alphonse-karr’ R.A.Young、B. ventricosa McClure were lower while D. brandisii (Munro) Kurz was the lowest; the soil urease activity of P. violascens f. prevernalis S.Y.Chen et C.Y. Yao wsa the highest, which increased by8.46times than bare land, and P. amabilis(McClure) Keng f.、B. ventricosa McClure were lower while D. brandisii (Munro) Kurz was the lowest; the soil proteinase activity of C. pergracile Munro were the highest, which increased by3.64times than bare land, and B. mutiplex var.riviereorum R.Maire、B. textilis McClure were lower while D. barbatus Hsueh et D.Z.Li was the lowest; the soil cellulase activity of B. tuldoides Munro were the highest, which increased by5.61times than bare land, and P. violascens f. prevernalis S.Y.Chen et C.Y. YaO、P. amabilis(McClure) Keng f. were lower while D. brandisii (Munro) Kurz was the lowest; the soil catalase activity of P. violascens f. prevernalis S.Y.Chen et C.Y. Yao was the highest, which increased by8.90times than bare land, and B. textilis McClure、D. brandisii (Munro) Kurz were lower while C. pergracile Munro was the lowest; the soil peroxidase activity of B. textilis McClure was the highest, which increased by9.13times than bare land, and P. amabilis(McClure) Keng f.、B. tuldoides Munro were lower while B. vulgaris ’vittata’McClure was the lowest; the soil polyhenoloxidase activity of D. barbatus Hsueh et D.Z.Li was the highest, which increased by11.40times than bare land, and B. ventricosa McClure、B. multiplex vat.strigosa Wen were lower while P. violascens f. prevernalis S.Y.Chen et C.Y. Yao was the lowest. Comparing to bare land, the enzyme activities were enhanced of different degrees, showed that the introduction of bamboo can improve the soil enzyme activity, on the whole, P. violascens f. prevernalis S.Y.Chen et C.Y. Yao and B. ventricosa McClure and so on were superior to other bamboos, which were not only in improving soil carbon and nitrogen in the circulation of the transformation rate but the transformation of organic matter and humus-formation ability.(2):The microbial groups quantity were significantly different in rhizosphere soil among different species of bamboo, the results showed that:the bacteria quantity varied in the range of18.62～2.48×105cfu·g-1, which the highest was S. Kurilensis f.Takara H.Okamura et Yuk.Tanaka, and P. violascens f. prevernalis S.Y.Chen et C.Y. Yao、B. multiplex ’fernleaf’ R.A.Young were the next while B. multiplex ’alphonse-karr’R.A.Young was the least; the fungus quantity varied in the range of33.44～6.64×104cfu·g-1, which the highest was B. multiplex ’fernleaf R.A.Young, and D. barbatus Hsueh et D.Z.Li、S. Kurilensis f.Takara H.Okamura et Yuk.Tanaka were lower while B. pervariabilis xD.latiflorus No.7was the least; the actinomycetes quantity varied in the range of8.36-0.90×103fu·g-1, which the highest was C. pergracile Munro, and B. tuldeidse Munro ’Swolleninternode’N.H.Xia, B. multiplex vat.strigosa Wen were lower while B. textilis McClure was the least; the total of microorganism quantity varied in the range of20.74-3.49×105cfu·g-1, which the highest was S. Kurilensis f.Takara H.Okamura et Yuk.Tanaka, and B. multiplex fernleaf’ R.A.Young、P. violascens f. prevernalis S.Y.Chen et C.Y. Yao were lower while B. multiplex ’alphonse-karr’R.A.Young was the least. Among the microorganisms, the quantity of bacteria were predominant (90.36%-70.30%), then followed by fungus (29.34%～9.49%), antinomycetes were lowest (2.40%～0.07%). Comparing to bare land, the microorganism quantity were increased of different degrees, the results indicated that the introduction of bamboo can improve the soil environment for microorganism reproduction, in general, such as S. Kurilensis f.Takara H.Okamura et Yuk.Tanaka、P. violascens f. prevernalis S.Y.Chen et C.Y. Yao、B. multiplex fernleaf’ R.A.Young can provide favourable environment for the growth of microorganisms than other bamboos.(3):The soil nutrient contents were significantly different in rhizosphere soil among different species of bamboo, the results showed that:the pH of B. pervariabilis×D.latiflorus No.7(4.64) was the lowest while B. ventricosa McClure (6.26) was the highest; the content of organic matter of B. pervariabilis×D.latiflorus No.7was the highest, which increased by28.76times than bare land, and P. violascens f. prevernalis S.Y.Chen et C.Y. Yao、D. vario-striata (W.T.Lin) Keng f. were lower while B. contracta Chia et H.L. Fung was the lowest; the content of total N of B. pervariabilis×D.latiflorus No.7was the highest, which increased by11.84times than bare land, and B. ventricosa McClure、P. violascens f. prevernalis S.Y.Chen et C.Y. Yao were lower while S. Kurilensis f.Takara H.Okamura et Yuk.Tanaka was the lowest; the content of hydrolysis N of P. violascens f prevernalis S.Y.Chen et C.Y. Yao was the highest, which was4.84times as bare land, and B. pervariabilis×D.latiflorus No.7、D. barbatus Hsueh et D.Z.Li were lower while B. multiplex fernleaf’ R.A.Young was the lowest; the content of total P of S. Kurilensis f.Takara H.Okamura et Yuk.Tanaka was the highest, which increased by3.48times than bare land, and D. minor var.amoenus(Q.H.Dai et C.F.Huang) Hsueh et D.Z.Li、P. violascens f. prevernalis S.Y.Chen et C.Y. Yao were lower while D. brandisii (Munro) Kurz was the lowest; the content of effective P of B. mutiplex var.riviereorum R.Maire was the highest, which was31.70times as bare land, and B. ventricosa McClure、P. violascens f. prevernalis S.Y.Chen et C.Y. Yao were lower while B. tuldoides Munro was the lowest; the content of total K of B. multiplex ’fernleaf R.A.Young was the highest, which increased by3.51times than bare land, and B. tuldeidse Munro ’Swolleninternode’N.H.Xia、S. Kurilensis f.Takara H.Okamura et Yuk.Tanaka were lower while D. brandisii (Munro) Kurz was the lowest; the content of available K of A. edulis (Wen) wen was the highest, which was6.41times as bare land, and D. latiflorus Munro、B. pervariabilis×D.latiflorus No.7were lower while B. textilis McClure was the lowest; the value of C/N varied in the range of16.35:1.00～3.28:1.00, which B. pervariabilis×D.latiflorus No.7were lower while B. contracta Chia et H.L. Fung was the lowest; Comparing with bare land, the soil nutrient contents were increased of different degrees, the results indicated that the introduction of bamboo can improve the level of soil fertility, on the whole, such as B. pervariabilis×D.latiflorus No.7、P. violascens f. prevernalis S.Y.Chen et C.Y. Yao、B. mutiplex var.riviereorum R.Maire、B. multiplex ’fernleaf’ R.A.Young、B. ventricosa McClure can be better than other bamboos.(4):Through the index of soil enzyme activities、soil microorganism quantity、soil nutrient contents were investigates in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil among in different introduction of bamboos, the results showed that:the variation of these index in rhizosphere soil were greater than that in non-rhizosphere soil; the rhizosphere effect was remarkable, and the value of R/S were all above1.0among in the ecological indexes except for soil pH.(5):A correlation analysis results showed that:the correlation was existed between soil invertase and other indexes of soil enzyme activities, there was significant correlation between the soil urease and amylase、cellulase、catalase, and the correlation coefficients were0.512、0.436、0.466respectively; a high significant positive correlation was existed between bacteria and fungus, and the correlation coefficients was0.663; the correlation was existed between soil organic matter and other indexes of soil nutrient, there was a high significant positive correlation between the soil organic matter and total N、hydrolysis N、total Pe, and the correlation coefficients were0.796、0.750、0.554respectively; the study of correlation analysis strongly indicated that soil enzyme and soil microorganisms groups were not single but specificity and synergistic involved in soil physiological and biochemical reactions, and were also participate in soil improvement. At the same time, a high correlation between soil microorganism(bacteria、fungus、 actinomycetes、moisture content) and soil nutrient(soil organic matter、total N、total K、total P、hydrolysis N)、soil enzyme(invertase、urease、cellulase、amylase N、catalase), there was a high significant correlation between the soil urease and soil organic matter、total N、hydrolysis, and the correlation coefficients were0.732、0.772、0.624respectively; the soil catalase with total K、moisture content had a high significant correlating, and the correlation coefficients were0.566、0.555respectively; the soil moisture content with hydrolysis N、available K also had a high significant correlating, and the correlation coefficients were0.539、0.673respectively; the study fully explained that there was a close relationship, which was influence each other and interaction each other among in soil enzyme、soil microorganism and soil nutrient, it also indicated that they play a significant and decisive role in improving soil microenvironment and maintaining and stabling the soil micro-ecological system.(6):The principle component analysis (PCA) method was used to analysis base on21soil ecological indexes,7principle components were extracted by the principle of the eigenvalues exceeded1and the cumulative contribution rate of greater than or equal to85%, the results showed as followed:there was a difference on increasing soil nutrient contents, enhancing soil enzyme activities, improving the growth microenvironment for soil microorganism during different bamboos.7principle components were indicated that:the first principal component, which was the characterization of the capability of soil nutrients and nitrogen cycling, the cumulative contribution rate reached22.30%, and the component score of P. violascens f. prevernalis S.Y.Chen et C.Y. Yao (3.2478) was the highest, B. pervariabilis×D.latiflorus No.7(1.5477) was the next while B. multiplex’fernleaf’ R.A. Young was the least; the second principal component, which was reflected the growth situation of soil microorganisms and the ability of potassium transformation cycling, and the component score of S. Kurilensis f.Takara H.Okamura et Yuk.Tanaka (2.2645) was the highest, B. multiplex fernleaf’ R.A. Young (2.1567) was the next while B. contracta Chia et H.L. Fung was the least; the third principal component, which was the characterization of soil nutrient and moisture content, and the component score of D. latiflorus Munro (2.2063) was the highest, A. edulis (Wen) wen (2.0440) was the next while C. pergracile Munro was the least; the fourth principal component, which was reflected the change of soil enzynme activities, and the component score of B. textilis McClure (2.2151) was the highest, B. tuldoides Munro (1.5922) was the next while D. barbatus Hsueh et D.Z.Li was the least; the fifth principal component, which was the characterization of the growth situation of soil microorganisms and the change of soil enzynme activities, and the component score of D. minor var.amoenus(Q.H.Da.i et C.F.Huang) Hsueh et D.Z.Li (3.0268) was the highest, C. pergracile Munro (1.3809) was the next while D. barbatus Hsueh et D.Z.Li was the least; the sixth principal component, which was reflected the change of soil pH, and the component score of B. ventricosa McClure (2.0235) was the highest, B. multiplex ’alphonse-karr’R.A.Young (1.5299) was the next while B. pervariabilis×D.latiflorus No.7was the least; the seventh principal component, which was the characterization of the transformation of soil phosphorus and soil organic matter, and the component score of B. ventricosa McClure (3.4317) was the highest, B. multiplex fernleaf R.A.Young (1.9666) was the next while B. multiplex ’alphonse-karr’R.A.Young was the least.Analysised by comprehensive factor score showed that:there were many bamboos have high scores such as P. violascens f. prevernalis S.Y.Chen et C.Y. Yao、B. ventricosa McClure、D. minor var.amoenus(Q.H.Dai et C.F.Huang) Hsueh et D.Z.Li、B. mutiplex var.riviereorum R.Maire、B. pervariabilis×D.latiflorus No.7、B. multiplex fernleaf’ R.A.Young、B. tuldoides Munro、C. pergracile Munro、S. Kurilensis f.Takara H.Okamura et Yuk.Tanaka, it also indicated that such as P. violascens f. prevernalis S.Y.Chen et C.Y. Yao was bamboos for priority promote introduction in the coastal sandy, for which were better able to improve the soil micro-environment, improve soil activities, provide a conducive environment for microorganism growth and reproduction, improved soil fertility, and also can better maintain soil stability and productivity than other bamboos.