A Comparative Research On Hydrological And Ecological Functions Of Coarse Woody Debris And Litters And Soil Layer In Different Tsuga Longibracteata In Tianbaoyan Nature Reserve

In Yong’an Tian baoyan national nature reserve，the water conservation function ofdifferent Tsuga longibracteata forests have been quantitative analysis researched，includingstand features，species diversity，water-holding capacity of Coarse Woody Debris(CWD)，litters and soil layer，the water conservation capacity was evaluation of different Tsugalongibracteata forests with the method of Analytie Hierarchy Proeess(AHP) and integrativegrades． The purpose of this paper is to reveal eco-hydrological functions of Tsugalongibracteata forests，protection of Tsuga longibracteata forests in Tian baoyan nationalnature reserve，and provided scientific evidence for soil-water conservation functions andimprovement water conservation capacities of forest．The results showed that：(1)The tree layer Patrick richness ranged from91to216in different Tsugalongibracteata forests．The Shanno-Wiener index ranged from0.9090to2.0779，the Simpsonindex ranged from0.4419to0.8347，the two diversity indices showed a similar trend．ThePielou index ranged from0.1645to0.4201，the Alatalo index ranged from0.5124to0.7225．Their showed a significant relationship between Shanno-Wiener diversity index andevenness index in different stands．The Simpson dominance index and the evenness indexshowed a negative correlation．By the different effects of human disturbance and siteconditions，the species diversity of tree layer showed irregular changes．(2)The total storage of CWD in Tsuga longibracteata forests is64.28t/hm~2．There aresignificant differences in storage of CWD in different Tsuga longibracteata forests，the storageof CWD of Tsuga longibracteata and Pinus massoniana mixed forests is the biggest and up to64.28t/hm~2，Tsuga longibracteata and Pinus massoniana mixed forest(s16.84t/hm~2)＞Tsugalongibracteata and Cyclobalanopsis glauca mixed forests (12.93t/hm~2)＞Tsuga longibracteata and Michelia maudiae Dunn mixed forests(12.18t/hm~2)＞Eurya japonicaThunb and Eurya japonica Thunb mixed forests(12.14t/hm~2)＞Tsuga longibracteata andRhododendron simiarum mixed forest(s10.20t/hm~2)．Considering the types of CWD，the totalstorage of fallen(31.89t/hm~2)＞snag(s16.55t/hm~2)＞stump(s15.95t/hm~2)，and their specificorder of effective water capacity of different Tsuga longibracteata forests， Tsugalongibracteata and Pinus massoniana mixed forests(14.21t/hm~2)＞Tsuga longibracteata andCyclobalanopsis glauca mixed forests(7.78t/hm~2)＞Tsuga longibracteata and Micheliamaudiae Dunn mixed forests(6.99t/hm~2)＞Eurya japonica Thunb and Eurya japonica Thunbmixed forests(6.95t/hm~2)＞Tsuga longibracteata and Rhododendron simiarum mixed forests(4.74t/hm~2)．The saturated water content in different types of CWD ranged from112.0%to255.90%．the effective water capacity of CWD，fallen(20.43t/hm~2)＞stumps(10.61t/hm~2)＞snag(s9.64t/hm~2)．The CWD soaking experiments of different Tsuga longibracteata forestsshowed that water absorption speed of CWD has greatly changes in3hours，and has littlechange after3hours，the water absorption speed increased with soaking time，following apower function curve，the relationship of water-holding amount and immersion time showedlogarithmic curve．(3)The total storage of litters in Tsuga longibracteata forests is74.07t/hm~2．Thespecific order of the storage of litters in different Tsuga longibracteata forests is Tsugalongibracteata and Rhododendron simiarum mixed forests (24.98t/hm~2)＞Tsugalongibracteata and Cyclobalanopsis glauca mixed forests(16.06t/hm~2)＞Eurya japonicaThunb and Eurya japonica Thunb mixed forests(12.32t/hm~2)＞Tsuga longibracteata andPinus massoniana mixed forests(10.49t/hm~2)＞Tsuga longibracteata and Michelia maudiaeDunn mixed forests(10.22t/hm~2)．The largest water-holding capacity of the litters is Tsugalongibracteata and Rhododendron simiarum mixed forests (48.84t/hm~2)＞Tsugalongibracteata and Cyclobalanopsis glauca mixed forests(35.89t/hm~2)＞Eurya japonicaThunb and Eurya japonica Thunb mixed forests(32.71t/hm~2)＞Tsuga longibracteata andMichelia maudiae Dunn mixed forests(29.32t/hm~2)＞Tsuga longibracteata and Pinusmassoniana mixed forests(20.29t/hm~2)．The specific order of effective water capacity ofdifferent Tsuga longibracteata forests is Tsuga longibracteata and Rhododendron simiarum mixed forests(18.43t/hm~2)＞Tsuga longibracteata and Cyclobalanopsis glauca mixed forests(15.22t/hm~2)＞Eurya japonica Thunb and Eurya japonica Thunb mixed forests(14.42t/hm~2)＞Tsuga longibracteata and Michelia maudiae Dunn mixed forests(13.73t/hm~2)＞Tsuga longibracteata and Pinus massoniana mixed forest(s8.38t/hm~2)．Dueto differences in mixed tree species and altitude，the storage of litters in different Tsugalongibracteata forests are differences．The Shanno-Wiener index ranged from0.9090to2.0779，The maximum water holding rate ranged from149.94%to223.47%，the storage oflitters and the maximum water holding rate showed a significant relationship．Water storagebehavior of litters mainly occurred in0~1h of soaking time，especially in the former10min．Saturated water content of Tsuga longibracteata and Pinus massoniana mixed forestsis the biggest and up to48.84t/hm~2．(4)The largest water-holding capacity of soil in different Tsuga longibracteata forestswas Tsuga longibracteata and Michelia maudiae Dunn mixed forests(3588.91t/hm~2)＞Tsugalongibracteata and Rhododendron simiarum mixed forests (3494.76t/hm~2)＞Tsugalongibracteata and Cyclobalanopsis glauca mixed forests(2980.22t/hm~2)＞Eurya japonicaThunb and Eurya japonica Thunb mixed forests(2863.99t/hm~2)＞Tsuga longibracteata andPinus massoniana mixed forests(2636.74t/hm~2)．The specific order of effective watercapacity of soil was Tsuga longibracteata and Rhododendron simiarum mixed forests(683.43t/hm~2)＞Tsuga longibracteata and Michelia maudiae Dunn mixed forests(642.97t/hm~2)＞Eurya japonica Thunb and Eurya japonica Thunb mixed forests(542.89t/hm~2)＞Tsuga longibracteata and Cyclobalanopsis glauca mixed forests(514.68t/hm~2)＞Tsuga longibracteata and Pinus massoniana mixed forests(278.04t/hm~2)．The non-capillary porosity in different Tsuga longibracteata forests rangedfrom4.63%to11.39%．The infiltration rate of soil in different stands ranged from0.726mm/min to1.891mm/min．The infiltration rate of soil of Tsuga longibracteata andCyclobalanopsis glauca mixed forests is the highest．The drainage capacity of different standswas Tsuga longibracteata and Rhododendron simiarum mixed forests(520.20t/hm~2)＞Tsugalongibracteata and Michelia maudiae Dunn mixed forests (516.31t/hm~2)＞Tsugalongibracteata and Cyclobalanopsis glauca mixed forests(514.96t/hm~2)＞Eurya japonica Thunb and Eurya japonica Thunb mixed forests(451.88t/hm~2)＞Tsuga longibracteata andPinus massoniana mixed forests(369.15t/hm~2)．(5)Based on the methods of Analytie Hierarchy Proeess(AHP) and integrative grades，water conservation was comprehensive evaluation in different Tsuga longibracteata forests，the results were as following：Tsuga longibracteata and Rhododendron simiarum mixedforests(0.8934)＞Tsuga longibracteata and Michelia maudiae Dunn mixed forests(0.8400)＞Tsuga longibracteata and Cyclobalanopsis glauca mixed forest(s0.8247)＞Eurya japonicaThunb and Eurya japonica Thunb mixed forests(0.7533)＞Tsuga longibracteata and Pinusmassoniana mixed forests(0.6054)．...