The Research On Diversity Of Soil Fungi In Six Forest Types Of Erguna National Nature Reserve

An obvious difference between the forest soil and other terrestrial soil is that most forest soil is acidic, most fungi like partial acid environment, so the number and species of fungi in forest soil are significantly more than other terrestrial soil. Through the study of the diversity and classification of different forest type soil fungi, can detail understanding the distribution of forest soil fungi. In the process of separation and identification, we can obtain a lot of fungi resources, and provide raw materials for the development and utilization of beneficial bacteria. The plant species are rich in the Erguna National Nature Reserve, and it has a unique forest types and soil types, forest soil possesses abundantly undeveloped fungi. Through the study of the fungal diversity in different forest types soil, clearing the quantity, species and distribution of forest soil fungi, can fill the blank in this region study. Based on the separation and identification of fungi in different forest types soil, we can get a lot of fungi germplasm resources in forest soil.The experiment was conducted to separate and identify the fungi in the soil of Betula davurica Stands, Populus davidiana Stands, pinus sylvestris-Larix gmelinii Stands, Larix gmelinii-Betula platyphylla Stands, larch Stands and Betula platyphylla Stands in Erguna National Nature Reserve. By five-point method, the soil samples were taken under different types of forest in the Erguna National Nature Reserve. The fungi were separated and cultivated with PDA medium by dilution plate method. The culture characteristics were described including colony morphology, growth rate and color. By observing fungal morphological characteristics under light microscope and analyzing ITS sequence, fungal species and genera were identified. Twenty-one strains were selected for phylogenic diversity analysis by ITS sequence analysis. By PCR-DGGE experiment, the soil fungi species, number and advantage in different forest types are analysis of similarities and differences. Results are as follows:(1) The cultivable soil fungi of6forest types were separated and cultivated by dilution plate method, and93strains of soil fungi were separated. By observing fungal morphological characteristics under light microscope and analyzing ITS sequence,93strains of fungi were identified as belong to40species of26fungal genera. The results indicate that the soil mycobiota are closely related to forest types. Penicillium and Mortierella are the dominant groups of genera in soil. Each forest type has its unique species.(2) The purpose of this experiment was to study the characteristics of soil culturable fungi community structure of different forest types in Erguna National Nature Reserve, and we can get plenty of microorganism germ plasm resources. The potential medicine value fungi such as Elaphocordyceps subsessilis, Umbelopsis isabellina and so on were separated from forest soil.(3) After PCR-DGGE electrophoresis, depending on the number and brightness of band in the DGGE profiles, it is concluded that soil mycobiota are closely related to forest types. The order of soil fungal diversity from high to low in different forest types are as follows: Larix gmelinii-Betula platyphylla Stands, larch Stands, pinus sylvestris-Larix gmelinii Stands, Populus davidiana Stands, Betula platyphylla Stands and Betula davurica Stands, each forest type has its unique advantage species.(4) After the software of Quantity One4.5.2analyze to DGGE profiles, coming to the conclusion that the more similar forest types are, the more similar soil fungi species are. On the contrary, the more different forest types are, the more different soil fungi species are. For example, the fungi species in Betula platyphylla Stands and Larix gmelinii-Betula platyphylla Stands soil are more similar; the fungi species in the broad-leaved forests such as Betula platyphylla Stands, Betula davurica Stands and Populus davidiana Stands soil are similar; the fungi species in the coniferous forests such as larch Stands and pinus sylvestris-Larix gmelinii Stands soil are similar.(5) After the qualitative experiment of laccase, bilirubin oxidase, manganese peroxidase, lignin peroxidase for30species of soil fungi, the results indicated that3species of soil fungi produce laccase,9species of soil fungi produce bilirubin oxidase, and30species of soil fungi not produce manganese peroxidase and lignin peroxidase.