| Artemisia annua L.(Compositae) is one-year-life herb. Its leaves and bud can produce artemisinin and other products, which can be used to prevent and control malaria highly effectively. At present, a lot of research has been carried on the chemistry, pharmacology and physiology of artemsinin in the world, but few research reports on the requirement of water has been reported.This experiment took "yuqing NO.1" Artemisia annua L. as a material, controlled the growth soil moisture content in5levels:5%-10%,25%-30%,45%-50,65%-70%,85%-90%of the soil maximum water holding capacity. And this experiment researched the birth period of Artemisia annua L., the shape indexes, the physiological indexes, the dry material accumulation, the absorption and distribution of nutrient element, the content of artemsinin as well as yield. The results would show the suitable soil moisture for Artemisia annua L. growth and high artemsinin content and yield, and also provide the basic theories for high quality and yield in Artemisia annua L. planting.The soil water content85%-90%and65%-70%of Artemisia annua L. had the maximum daily water demand, the5%-10%and25%-30%had the minimum. The daily water demand of different soil water content had an increase from seedling to bud stage, to the peak in fast-growing stage. The85%-90%and65%-70%had some decline in the budding stage; the remaining still showed a slow upward trend in the budding stage.Under different soil water content levels, the height, stem diameter, number of branches, average branch length and other growth indicators of Artemisia annua L. in the85%-90%and65%-70%levels were the best, in the45%-50%was good, the others were the worst. The dry matter accumulation of the65%-70%level was the highest, followed by the85%-90%level; the5%-10%was the minimum.The leaf chlorophyll content of Artemisia annua L. showed the trend of an increase at first and then a decline. The leaf chlorophyll content of the85%-90%and65%-70%levels was the highest; the5%-10%and25%-30%levels were the lowest. The tendency of soluble saccharides was ascend at first and descend at last under different soil water content levels; in each growth stage, the85%-90%and65%-70%levels was highest, followed by45%-50%, and the45%-60%was the lowest. The free amino acids under different soil water content were decreased gradually, the85%-90%and65%-70%was higher than the45%-50%,25%-30%and5%-10%in the branching stage, fast-growing stage, and the budding stage. The soluble protein content under different soil water content from seedling to budding stage at first rose and then declined; the85%-90%and65%-70%levels were higher than the other levels.The SOD activity of the25%-30%and5%-10%levels were higher in the seedling stage, branching stage and fast-growing stage, the65%-70%and45%-50%levels were higher in the budding stage. The SOD activity of85%-90%,65%-70%and45%-50%levels declined first and then increased, reduced finally; the25%-30%and5%-10%levels showed a gradual increase from the seedling stage to the fast-growing stage, and then a sharp downward to the budding stage. The POD activity under different soil moisture content were increased from the seedling stage to the fast-growing stage, and then declined in the budding stage. Generally spoken, they had regularity:5%-10%>25%-30%>45%-50%>85%-90%>65%-70%.Under different soil moisture content, generally the N content in each organ was leaf>branch>root>stem,85%-90%and65%-70%levels were higher than the others. As the Artemisia annua L. growth and development, P and K content increased first and then declined; under different soil moisture content at each growth stage the P and K content in various parts of the85%-90%and65%-70%levels were high, while the25%-30%and5%-10%levels were low; the P and K content in leaves and branches were higher than in roots and stems.Under different soil moisture content, the artemisinin content in Artemisia annua L. leaves was this arrangement:45%-50%>65%-70%>85%-90%>25%-30%>5%-10%; at the harvest time, the artemisinin production was as follows:65%-70%>45%-50%>85%-90%>25%-30%>5%-10%. |
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