| In recent years, double-crop rice area of our country rape production area expands unceasingly, the paddy rice mature period are postponed, contradictory of rice oil crop for rotation are aggravated; on the other hand, the cost of rapeseed production in our country is high, and after the paddy rice’s harvest, the benefit of rapeseed is low, the enthusiasm of the farmers who plant the rapeseed is low. Eventually, larger winter land in double-cropping rice areas is unoccupied. If we can develop to use the Yangtze valley big area the winter unoccupied land, it will alleviate greatly the phenomenon, which our country edible vegetable oil will fall short of demand. Therefore, the research in rapeseed’s light simplification cultural technique has extremely vital significance to develop the double-crop rice area winter of unoccupied land. At present, the study on cultivation techniques of no-tillage direct seeding rape is less. According to the above, Huashuang5rapeseed is as material, varieties density, different nitrogen levels and different mulch straw rates ars tested for crack area, in order to find different combination of factors under the conditions take effect on the rapeseed growth periods, yield formation of rapeseed and quality change rules, preliminary established the high yield cultivation mode of no-tilling late direct-seeding rapeseed which plant after the rice in Hubei Province double-crop rice area. Choose13rapeseed varieties, carries on the sowing dates test, analyze the different sowing dates on the influence of different rapeseed varieties. And screening for delayed derect-seeding rapeseed varieties of properties, provides the basis for delayed derect-seeding rapeseed. The test results show that:1. The sowing dates of rape during whole growth stages and the reproductive process can have a big impact. In this test, along with broadcasts the time the detention, the rape entire period of duration reduces gradually. The seedling stage and budding stage of rapeseed are shorter duration of period as the sowing dates of delay, the difference is extremely remarkable; flowering stage and poding stage duration about30days. Broadcast of rapeseed whole growth period mainly in the seedling and bud stage. In the late sowing dates treatment, the whole growth periods of winter rapeseed varieties is193days or so, which Zhongnongyou08and the Xiangyou16mature are earlier than others, is191days; the whole growth period of spring oilseed rape varieties in about185days. It shows that the venality rape variety, in the Yangtze valley double-crop rice area late broadcasts the influence which transplants rice seedlings after the stubble early rice to be small.2. In the six local rapeseed varieties (Zhongnong08, Huashuang4, Huayouza6, Huayouza10, Huayouzal2and Huashuang5), Zhongnong08and Huayouza6more suitable than the other four varieties for late sowing. The yield of these two varieties on October30th treatment are185.54kg/667m2and185.10kg/667m2, the oil content respectively are39.7%and37.8%, both of them are higher than other four local varieties. The yield of two vernality rapeseed varieties (Qingza3and Qingza7) on October30th are207.90kg/667m2and221.84kg/667m2, the oil content respectively are42.5%and42.0%. It shows that the vernality rape varieties have the high production potential in the Yangtze valley double-crop rice area for delayed seeding.3. Density, nitrogen application rate, and mulch straw rate, all of the factors are affect late live rapeseed growth period of growth and development. Under various processing conditions, late live variations of rapeseed growth and development indicators in each growth period. As the density increases, late broadcast canola rapeseed plant height, leaf area index and root length of the rise; number of green leaves, coarse roots, the length of the main inflorescence, a branch such as a downward trend. Density increases to poor rapeseed individual development, late oilseed rape due to the delay of sowing date, rape individual dwarf and seedling nutrient accumulation less, by close planting, to supplement the shortage of rapeseed ontogenetic group advantages. Late oilseed rape ontogenetic nitrogen rate impact is more obvious, the higher the nitrogen application rate, the better the rapeseed growing. Mulch straw rate amount of very late to live long impact of the rape root collar mulch straw greater the amount of rapeseed root neck length and the greater the easy formation of tall seedlings, reducing the quality of rapeseed.4. Density, nitrogen rate and mulch straw amount of rape yield factors and yield significantly. As the density increases, the pod number per plant, per pod, grain weight and yield per plant declining population yield an upward trend. With the increased amount of nitrogen, rape inflorescence pods, each pod, grain output per667m2on the rise. Three N treatments, the yield of15kg/667m2nitrogen processing maximum,20kg/667m2nitrogen processing production has declined, indicating that the decline of nitrogen fertilizer overdose causes the yield of rapeseed. With the increase in the amount of Mulch straw, rape yield per plant on the rise.5. Density, nitrogen and mulch straw rates influence the quality of rapeseed by different performance index shows different. Different density processing live out the content of oil and the late oleic acids with density increases with the decreased, the content of flax acid and protein with density increases with the increased. Different nitrogen rates treatment delayed direct-seeding rapeseed oil content with nitrogen increased, the content of flax acid and protein with the increased amount of nitrogen decreased. Different mulch straw rates processing delayed direct-seeding rapeseed oil content and linolenic acid content with the increased amount of straw and decreased, the content of linoleic acid and protein increased with increasing amount of straw. It shows that, the planting density is too big, too much nitrogen fertilization, cover straw had measured the mets lead to late live quality decline of rapeseed. |
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