| Cyprinus carpio var. Jian is a new breed developed by the use of the integrated breeding technology combining techniques of genealogical selection, hybridization of multi-line and gynogenesis development in Freshwater Fisheries Research Renter, which is also the first artificial new breed of fish in China. Cyprinus carpio var. Jian grows fast, possesses a popular body shape and color, and has strong adoptability and anti-adversity capability. In order to improve Cyprinus carpio var. Jian further and wish to develop a new train, the reciprocal hybrids and inbred of Cyprinus carpio haematopteru and Cyprinus carpio var. jian were obtained by hybridizing and inbreeding on May2008in our lab. From August25to October10of2008, four groups were bred in cages for45days. Then, the hematological indices, activities of digestive enzyme and nutritional of muscle of hybrid and inbred were determined and compared in order to discuss the effects on biological parameters of hybrids due to hybridizing and supply biological theoretical principle.The results by comparing on hematological indices between reciprocal hybrids and inbred of Cyprinus carpio haematopteru and Cyprinus carpio var. jian showed that there were significant differences on a serum biochemical index (glucose)(P<0.01) and a hematological general parameter(hemoglobin)(PM0.05) between offspring of Cyprinus carpio haematopteru♀×Cyprinus carpio var. jian♂and inbred offspring of Cyprinus carpio haematopteru; there were significant differences on a serum biochemical index (total protein)(P<0.01) and a hematological general parameter (haematocrit)(P<0.05) between offspring of Cyprinus carpio haematopteru♀×Cyprinus carpio var. jian♂and inbred offspring of Cyprinus carpio var. jian. Furthermore, there were significant differences on three serum biochemical indices (total protein; glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase; cholesterol)(P<0.01) and a hematological general parameter (hemoglobin)(P<0.05) between offspring of Cyprinus carpio haematopteru♀×Cyprinus carpio var. jian♂and inbred offspring of Cyprinus carpio haematopteru; there were significant differences (P<0.01) on four serum biochemical indices (glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase; glucose; triglyceride) between offspring of Cyprinus carpio haematopteru♀×Cyprinus carpio var. jian♂and inbred offspring of Cyprinus carpio var. jian, but there was no significant difference on hematological general parameter between the two populations. The differences on hematological indices between two hybrid and two inbreed populations reflected that the level of metabolism immunity、the function of liver、gonad development and the transport capacity of oxygen were changed in different degrees of the two hybrid populations compared with the two inbreed populations.The results by comparing on activities of digestive enzyme between reciprocal hybrids and inbred of Cyprinus carpio haematopteru and Cyprinus carpio var. jian showed that the distribution of activities of digestive enzymes of four groups was same:Activities of protease, hindgut>midgut>foregut>liver, there was significant distinct different(P<0.01) between foregut, midgut, hindgut and liver, distinct different (P<0.05)between foregut, midgut and hindgut, and no distinct different (P>0.05) between foregut and midgut; Activities of lipase, hindgut>midgut>foregut>liver, there was significant distinct different (P<0.01) between hindgut and foregut, midgut, liver, distinct different (P<0.05)between midgut and liver, and no distinct different (P>0.05) between foregut and midgut; Activities of amylase, liver>hindgut>foregut>midgut, there was significant distinct different(P<0.01) between hindgut, foregut, midgut and liver, and no significant different(P>0.05) among guts. The activities of three digestive enzymes in the same tissue of four groups had no significant difference (P>0.05), except there was significant difference (P<0.05) in the activities of liver and hindgut protease between Cyprinus carpio var. Jian and other groups and in the activities of hindgut lipase between Cyprinus carpio haematopteru and other groups. There was no apparent discipline in activities of digestive enzymes in the same tissue of four groups. Conclusion: Compared with two inbred populations, there was no significant change about distribution and activities of the same digestive enzymes in other organs of two hybrid populations, except the liver protease activities were higher and the hindgut protease activities were lower than inbred of Cyprinus carpio var. Jian, the hindgut lipase activities were higher than Cyprinus carpio haematopteru.The nutritional composition of hybrid and inbred was analyzed and compared, the results showed that hybrid had lower water content and higher crude protein content than two inbred populations, while the crude fatty content was significantly lower than inbreed of Cyprinus carpio var. jian and higher than inbred of Cyprinus carpio haematopteru. In the gross of various amino acids, hybrid was higher than inbred of Cyprinus carpio var. jian in different degree. WEAA/WTAA (ratio of essential amino acids and total amino acids) and WEAA/WNEAA (ratio of essential amino acids and nonessential amino acids) of hybrid were not only in accord with the standard which was made by FAO/WHO, but also more ideal than two inbred populations in WEAA/WNEAA, and EAAI (essential amino acid index) of hybrid was obviously higher than inbred of Cyprinus carpio var. jian. In the gross of various fatty acids, hybrid was higher than two inbred populations in total mono-unsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), total poly unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and total essential fatty acids (EFA), besides total saturated fatty acids (SFA) of hybrid was lower than two inbreed populations. In the gross of macro and trace elements, hybrid was higher than two inbred populations. Conclusion: The hybrid is not only superior to two inbred populations in nutritional value of proteins, but is more abundant in the content of fatty acids and nutritional elements.In conclusion, compared with two inbred populations, there were some changes about the genetic background of two hybrid populations, and then those changes influenced hematological indices, activities of digestive enzyme and nutritional of muscle. |
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