Risk Identification And Characterization For Batrachochytrium Dendrobatidis In Anura In Changbai Mountain Natural Reserve

Global decline of amphibian population is one of the most urgent environmental problems, within global range, one third of amphibian population faced with crisis. Highly lethal fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis(Bd) leads to amphibian population decline sharply, It spread around the globe at an alarming rate and start a global epidemic.In1998, Bd caused anura mass mortality in Queensland, Australia and Panama, with population decline sharply. In recent years, Asia such as Indonesia, Korea, China, Japan have made of investigations of Bd, the important role of Bd to regional ecological security is deeply realized by people. Fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis is one of the most important emerging infectious diseases.Changbai Mountain Natural Reserve is of great significance to regional ecological security in northeastern area, China, it is national forest nature reserve, lies in the southeastern area of Jilin, core area of the northeast of Asian, the cross-zone of China, Russia, North Korea, located in high and cold area, ecologically fragile, fewer amphibian species, in addition, it is the source of Tumen River, Yalu River, Songhua river. Once the infection is gone, the effect would be devastating and are not easily recovered, it will pose a grave threat to regional ecological security of China and even the northeast of Asian.We divide ten sampling sites covered whole area of nature reserve, each sampling site distribute three parallel sampling points, the distance between two points less than5km; we sampled114Rana dybowskii,69toads, in total183anura were sampled in Changbai Mountain Natural Reserve. First of all, we used specimen to construct QPCR detection method of Bd. Then we used cultivation and identification, clinical pathologic examination, histopathologic Examination and QPCR methods to identify harzard of Bd in Changbai Mountain Natural Reserve. Besides, based on macrobenthos, we used Goodnight pollution index, Shannon-Wiener index, dominance index to evaluat ecological health of aquatic system in Changbai Mountain Natural Reserve. Finally, we divide different levels through in vertical and horizontal directions, use multiple environmental factor stresses to show risk characterization such as elevation, PH valu, the population of biological indicator, diversity index.The findings suggest the anura in Changbai Mountain Natural Reserve have not been infected with Bd; In aquatic system of sampling fields, Goodnight pollution index is0.48, good water quality; Shannon-Wiener index is6.29, more Community complexity and high biodiversity; dominance index shows that Tubifex has the highest dominance index, second is Heptageniidae, third is gammarid. In vertical direction, YueHuaLin landscape areas has a higher risk to breakout Bd. In horizontal direction, southern slope, western slope, northern slope are all at risk, the difference is not obvious.