| The subject studied the natural volatile components of Ocimum Basil flowers and leaves using three different solid-phase micro-extraction column, compared the differences between the volatile components using HS-SPME-GC-MS, then extracted its essential oil by the Clevenger method, analyzed the components with GC-MS, compared the chemical composition differences with the different flowers and leaves, then conduct the comprehensive comparison on the identified volatile components by HS-SPME. Finally, essential oils of Basil flowers and leaves by Clevenger methods were studied, including the scavenging effect of the sodium nitrite, the antimicrobial activity against the common microorganisms, the antioxidant activity, and then the scavenging effect of the peroxid, the inhibited effect of the lipase as the preliminary exploratory study were also studied. To confirm the functionality of the essential oils and the chemical composition from Basil flowers and leaves, we provided the basis for the better utilization.The results were showed:the thick scent of the Basil leaves had about25kinds, the first five components were Estragole, Linalool, Eucalyptol, β-Elemen and Anethole by three extraction column (DVB/CAR/PDMS, CAR/PDMS, CW/DVB) for HS-SPME. Meanwhile, the number of components from the sweety scent of the Basil flowers was different remarkably, the first five components were Estragole, Linalool, β-Elemen, a-Guaiene and Germacrene D.The essential oils of the Basil leaves were obtained by the Clevenger method in the average0.863%yield, and a total of31constituents were detected, in which29compounds that account for99.179%of the total components of the oil were identified. The main constituents were Linalool (25.065%), Estragole (20.338%), τ-Cadinol (8.921%), Eugenol (8.115%),τ-Cadinene (5.41%), p-Cubebene (4.962%), p-Elemen (4.812%),δ-Guaiene (4.021%), a-Guaiene (2.953%)The essential oils of the Basil flowers were obtained by the Clevenger method in the average0.517%yield, and a total of36constituents were detected, in which33compounds that account for98.635%of the total components of the oil were identified. The main constituents were Linalool (32.008%), Estragole (19.007%), τ-Cadinol (6.797%), β-Elemen (5.776%), p-Cubebene (5.29%), δ-Guaiene (4.695%), Eugenol (4.449%), α-Guaiene (3.334%), τ-Cadinene (2.974%)Research results of essential oil’s functional show that:Considering the effect of scavenging sodium nitrite in the essential oils, the maximum in two kinds of essential oils was Basil flowers, whose rate of scavenging sodium nitrite was60.71%. followed by essential oils of Basil leaves with the rate of58.93%, while the amount of each essential oils was0.45mL.Considering the effect of scavenging DPPH radical in the essential oils, visible colorimetric methods:The results show essential oils of Basil flowers with the rate of96.49%. Basil leaves of its with the rate of96.48%.HPLC methods:essential oils of Basil flowers with the rate of75.71%, Basil leaves of its with the rate of59.65%.Considering the effect of scavenging peroxide in the essential oils, the maximum in two kinds of essential oils was Basil leaves, whose rate of scavenging sodium nitrite was49.34%, followed by essential oils of Basil flowers with the rate of30.56%, while the consistency of each essential oils was0.4mg/mL.The essential oils had considerable effect to every kinds of bacteria, Basil flowers essential oils’s order of inhibition zone were Aspergillus niger (24.25mm)>Rhizopus sp (21.51mm)>Penicillium sp (18.05mm)>Staphylicoccus albus (15.80mm)>Bacillus subtilis (15.65mm)> Escherichia coli (10.16mm).Basil leaves essential oils’s order of inhibition zone were Aspergillus niger (28.17mm)> Rhizopus sp (26.08mm)> Penicillium sp (20.42mm)> Staphylicoccus albus (19.39mm)> Bacillus subtilis (16.38mm)> Escherichia coli (11.03mm)Considering the effect of inhibiting the effect of the lipase in the essential oils, the results: Basil leaves of its>Basil flowers. The maximum in two kinds of essential oils was Basil leaves, whose rate of inhibiting the effect of the lipase was64.74%, followed by essential oils of Basil flowers with the rate of58.93%, while the consistency of each essential oils was10mg/mL. |
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