Research On The Efficiency Of Orgainic And Chemical Fertilizers To Soil Environmental Quality

China is a traditional agricultural country; land degradation, resulted from dual reason ofover fertilizing of chemical fertilizer and global climate change, brought land loss at a sharprate recent years. It has also brought the harm of soil fertility and food safety, caused a hugeeconomic losses. Agricultural straw is agricultural solid waste as an important part of thestraw is potential of biomass energy, but more than60%of the straw burned or piled up in ourcountry.It was have been proved that replacing chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizerwould solve these problems and do good to the sustainable agriculture. We belief that thismethod can not only make full use of straw, improve the soil fertility and ecologicalenvironment, but also improve the quality and yield of crops.Soil carbon nitrogen content and carbon nitrogen than can reflect the soil carbon andnitrogen level, also has important instruction role to solid carbon potential of cultivated land;pH value is an important indicator to reflection of the soil acidification degree; Bulk densityand porosity, water content, etc can reflect the soil stability; Available nitrogen, phosphorusand potassium are important physical and chemical indexes to the response of soil fertilitysupply condition;Using fertilizer and organic fertilizer in the soil will bring in a certainamount of heavy metal. Measuring soil copper, zinc, lead, chromium to reflect the heavymetal content such as soil heavy metal pollution degree has an important meaning. And at thesame time use the single factor index method of soil environmental quality evaluation,cultivated land protection and prevention and control of soil pollution have a positive role; The soil enzyme can not only reflect soil fertility conditions, but also reflect the soil pollutioncondition.Between October2010and October2011, in PingYi Xian hongyi ecological farm linyicity, shandong province,we do researth on the organic fertilizer of chemical fertilizerexperiment of different proportion gradient, solid carbon potential in soil analysis, soilphysical and chemical indexes, heavy metals, enzyme index and yield of crops.The results of the study show that:1)Using chemical fertilizers has obvious effects in increasing the content of soil Zn, Cdand Cr. According to the single factor pollution index method in the study area with differentfertilizer in the soil environmental quality evaluation results of heavy metal, the area of thefour kinds of soil heavy metal content are not overweight, and the soil quality is good. Usingchemical fertilizers will increase the risk of soil heavy metal pollution, but organic fertilizercould reduce this risk.2)Using organic fertilizer has positive function on the improvement of soil physical andchemical properties, can improve soil organic matter content, improve soil carbon nitrogenthan, reduce the soil bulk density, improve soil water content, and improve soil phosphorus,potassium content.At the end of the study, in0²0cm non^-2plough layer, and processing thanNPK, M, MNPK₁, MNPK₂three treatment of soil organic matter content of43.8%,35.4%and13.1%;Nitrogen content and organic matter is related to the present; In addition, organicfertilizer treatment of soil, has stronger action against soil N leaching role. Organic fertilizerseems high processing, soil moisture conservation, the capacity of the treatment than chemicalfertilizer.The MNPK treatment with the relative water content in soil maintain at a minimum.3)Different fertilizer treatments have significant influence on wheat and corn yield. Inwheat season, wheat grain yield respectively M4910kg·hm^-22，MNPK₁5642.5kg·hm^-22，MNPK₂6023.5kg·hm^-22，NPK6078.5kg·hm^-22,MNPK₂and variance analysis betweentreatment NPK deal with no significant difference, reduce half of chemical fertilizerapplication, wheat production will not be significantly reduced, and also the basic chemicalfertilizer processing flat. In the corn season, grain yield for M4375.8kg· hm^-22, MNPK₁5384.99kg·hm^-22, MNPK₂6593.93kg·hm^-22, NPK6564.38kg·hm^-22, MNPK₂NPK anddeal with the variance analysis is no significant difference between treatment; MNPK₂ processing product more than NPK processing, be on top.Partly replace chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizers can improve the yield andimprove the farmers’ income. Based on this increases the soil carbon potential solid, stablesoil ecological system, the reduction of the soil heavy metal pollution risk; Improving soilphysical and chemical properties, alleviate the traditional soil degradation caused by theapplication of chemical fertilizer and environmental pollution. Organic fertilizer alternativefertilizer is a effective sustainable agricultural development strategy.