Effects Of The Four Plant Extracts On Ammonia Emission, Growth Performance And The Biochemical Parameters Of Broilers

In recent years, as the continuous improvement of the intensification of the poultryindustry, and animal husbandry scale expanding, the contradiction between the environmentalproblems and environmental protection caused by the cultivation industry has becomeincreasingly acute. Ammonia is considered the worst impact gas to environment and health oforganism. When it reached a certain concentration could cause harm to humans and animals.Ammonia emissions are predominantly produced by the agricultural industry and lots of thetotal emission is found as a result of poultry production. Ammonia is directly produced byemission from the digestive system of the poultry or the decomposition of the animal fecaluria,feed residues, and bedding. Studies have shown pathogens and probiotics were both killedwhen using antibiotics as feed additives. Meanwhiles, continuous feeding with antibioticsmay cause serious consequences, such as resistance or mutation strains, pollution with animalproducts. Therefore, much of the recent attention on the assessment of natural growthpromoter for farm animals has resulted not only from the advances reducing concentration ofammonia, but also because they have been recognized as valuable additive, which wasnonvenomous, non-residue, nonresistance.In the study, the effects of cinnamon extracts, yucca schidigera extracts, SS extracts andOFL extracts on emission of NH3, were assessed on ammonia emission, growth performance,immune fuction, blood biochemical indicators, contents in intestinal tract and excreta inbroiler. The aim was to do positive progress for production performance and immunity of thebroiler, cleaning up the environment for animal living condition. The experiment was dividedinto three steps. Firstly, the four kinds of plant extracts were fed to broiler to proof thecapacity of inhibiting the activity of uricase and urease and the growth of six bacteria strains.Secondly, animal tests were done for proving the function described above. Finally, tests weredone for the inhibition of plant extracts to excreta of broilers in vitro. The results showed that:1) all the plant extracts could significantly inhibit the activity of urease and uricase (P<0.05). CE, SS and OFL test groups could inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli, Aspergillus, Pichiamembranefaciens, P.vulgaris, P.Aeruginosa and Staphyloccocus aureus. YE test group could onlyinhabit the growth of Pichia membranefaciens, which generated uricase.2) Compared with thecontrol group, the test groups could significantly lessen the emission of NH3(P<0.05),improve average daily mass gain, and reduce average feed-weight ratio (P<0.05), theconcentration of TP in serum was significantly increased, and the concentration of SUA, SUNand the activity of xanthine oxidase in serum were significantly decreased in all the testgroups (P<0.05). OFL group could significantly increase the concentration of CD4~+and CD4~+and CD8~+and decrease CD8~+in blood(P<0.05). The content of intestinal tract and biochemicalindicator of fecal were significantly improved in all the test groups (P<0.05), and the concentrationof ammonia nitrogen, urea nitrogen, uric acid decreased comparing with the control group. At thesame time, the growth of the microbes and the activity of microbial urease and uricase wereinhibited. The plant extracts can affect nitrogen metabolism, decrease the stress for broilersand control the ammonia losses profitably.3) All the test groups can inhibit the activity ofurease and uricase. The data indicated that FOL group was the best group to significantlyinhibit the activity urease and CE group was the best group to greatly inhibit the activity ofuricase. The concentration of UN and UA in excreta of broilers were significantly decreasedin all the test groups (P<0.05). FOL group was the best group to decrease the concentration ofUN in excreta of broilers and CE group was the best group to decrease the concentration ofUA in excreta of broilers.These results indicated that feeding diets containing CFPF, YE, SS and OFL canincrease ADG, ADFI and decrease F/G of broiler, and strengthen the immune function oforganism. SS and OFL can achieve even exceed the effects of CFPF and YE on decreasingthe concentration of ammonia in the broiler house and improving the breeding environment.So SS and OFL can be used as more satisfactory feed for the modern poultry industry.