| Artificial substrate is one of the most important aquaculture facilities for seacucumber culture for it does not only provides habitat and growth space but alsosupply benthic micro-algae and microorganism which located onits surface as foodsource. In this study, new types of subatrate for sea cucumber were designed, theabundance and diversity of benthic micro algae attached on the different material,different display height of substrate was analyzed, then the inhabited selectiondifference of sea cucumber, among new designed substrates and commonly usedsubstrates in indoor pond and outdoor pond was obtained. of the various substratesand in aquacultural practice ten type of artificial substrates was designed for pondculture,factory farming, cofferdam breeding, neritic bottom sowing aquaculture andso on. and This article mainly included three aspects:(1)the development of newsubstrate for sea cucumber culture;(2) the analysis of abundance and diversity ofbenthic micro algae attached on the different material, different display height ofsubstrate;(3)the attractive effects of artificial substrate was observed. The mainresults were showed as follows:1The development of new substrate for sea cucumber cultureAccording to the ecological habits of sea cucumber, the technical requirementincluding structure, material and color of artificial substrate design was brieflysummarized. Using sketchup8.0softeware, ten types of substrate models weredesigned as follows: bump chimeras,"well"-shape substrate, prostrate-"V " typesubstrate, three hole-brick,stacktype-pipe,rhombus shape substrate, bamboo substrate,stereo assembly type corrugated plate, eddy abnormity tile,specialized substrate forcage-culture. These models was the foundation for the future substrate application. 2The analysis of abundance and diversity of benthic micro algae attached on thedifferent material and different display height of substrate.In this research, ecological indicators were analyzed and compared on differentsubstrate materials (stone, tile, bamboo, PVC, a compound material and gangue) andon different display height of substrate(0.5m,1m,1.5m)，including the speciescomposition, cell number,biological diversity index, dominance,abundance anddiversity), and content of chlorophyll-a.The results showed that:(1)46species,21genera and4phylum were found on different substrate materials. Phyletically andquantitatively. Bacillariophyta occupied the most dominant species among whichNavicula and Nitzschia are dominant species;(2) As judged by the abundance anddiversity of benthic micro-alge, although there was no significiant difference amongPVC, compound material, tile and gangue, they were significiant higher than the stone;(3)44species,24genera and4phylum were found on different display height ofsubstrate. Phyletically and quantitatively. Bacillariophyta occupied the mostdominant species among which Navicula, Nitzschia and Licmophora are dominantspecies;(4) Both the abundance of benthic micro-alge and the diversity index had nosignificiant difference among different display height of substrate.But both of thevalue increased gradually along with the increasing diplay height of substrate;(5) Therelevance analysis result showed that there was high relationship between algaedensity and the content of chlorophyll-a.3The attractive effect of different type of artificial substrates on sea cucumberin indoor pondBy calculating and analyzing the average gathered number of unit volume(AGNUV) and the mean attractive rate (MAR), the inhabited location ofApostichopus japonicus was estimated, among ten type of the artificial substrates and8distributional areas. The results showed that the attractive effect of10substratesfrom good to poor was big poly-arris tile, stone, three-hole brick, small poly-arris tile,U-shaped tile, eddy abnormity tile, triangle tile, scallop coop, sunshade net and bamboo substrate. There was significant difference between the big poly-arris tile andeddy abnormity tile, triangle tile, scallop coop, sunshade net and bamboo substrate.Italso showed that the MAR of pool edge angle (21.02%) was higher than that of poolwall (8.23%) and pool bottom surface (15.68%), while the MAR of substrateunderneath and substrate inside was respectively higher than that of substrate upsideand substrate surface. In addition, the experimental test approved as follows:(1) Thebig poly-arris tile had the best performance on the attractive effect;(2) The seacucumber had an habit that they would tend to stay on different location at differenttime;(3) Stone, scallop coop and sunshade net were not suitable for substrate used insea cucumber culture. The attractive effect of several substrates was compared andanalyzed in this paper.It is useful in understanding of the various substrates and inaquacultural practice.4The attractive effect of different type of artificial substrates on sea cucumber inoutdoor pondIn order to reveal the attractive effect of different type of artificial substrates anddifferent display methods on the sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus). Bycalculating and analyzing the average number per unit volume, the inhabited selectiondifference of Apostichopus japonicus was conducted between the triangle tile and bigpoly-arris tile with5different display methods. The results showed that:(1)theaverage number per unit volume of big poly-arris tile was slightly higher than that oftriangle tile(P>0.05);(2) the average number per unit volume of single display wassignificantly less than that of multilayer display(P<0.05);(3)Among the5displaymethods of big poly-arris tile, the average number per unit volume of three rows ofdouble and four rows of double was significantly higher than that of others(P<0.05). |
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