Morphological, Genetic And Growth Analysis Of Trionyx Sinensis

Trionyx sinensis belong to Repitlia,Tesmdinata,Trionychidae，Trionyx. There are many other name for them.They are distributed in manyareas except Tibet、Qinghai and Xinjiang province, many of them can beseen at Yangtze River Valley and the south china often in domestic areas,they are mainly distributed in Korea,Japan and Vietnam abroad.In recentyears, the scales of Trionyx sinensis breeding develop fast for their valuesof food and medicine. The mode of culturing Pelodiscus sinensis can bedivided fish and turtle culturing together, culturing turtle only in pool andculturing turtle in warm housing mainly. Now the total produce of turtlehas broken through200,000t. With the developing of soft-shell-turtlebreeding, the differentiations and variations among populations have beendisappeared by people and their Genetic diversity also is affected great.Genetic diversity is the product of the population has evolved long time. Itis the premise of population survives and develops. The higher of Geneticdiversity for the population or species, the stronger suitable ability toenvironment they acquired. So it is helpful to manger and use germ plasmresource if we understand genetic diversity. This study we use multivariatemethod and microsatellite marker to analyze genetic diversity andvariations among five populations of Pelodiscus sinensis which were feed by people. We also analyze the growth of three groups (Dongting lakegroup、yellow river group and luka group)among them to hope to providetheoretical foundation for protecting the germ plasm resource andimproving the work of breeding larval for Trionyx sinensis.1. Morphological characteristics comparision of Five Populations ofTrionyx sinensisWe measured16biology morphological parameters of fivepopulations of Trionyx sinensis, Dongting (DT), Yellow River (HH),Huangsha (HS), Japan (RB), Luka (LK) of Trionyx sinensis. The LKpopulation is the hybrid of DT and HH population(DT♀×HH♂).Then weused multivariate analysis to analyze those parameters, The results ofcluster analysis have revealed that the DT population, the HH populationand the LK population were grouped in one cluster, the HS population andRB population were grouped in another cluster.Two principal componentswith accumulative variance percentage62.95%were summarized inprincipal component analysis. In discriminant analysis,9parameters wereselected from16measured parameters to establish discriminant functiondof the populations. Discriminant accuracy was61.7.9%-89.5%.The resultsof discriminant analysis also revealed five populations Trionyx sinensisdivided into two clusters.2. Genetic Diversity of Five Populations of Trionyx sinensis Revealed byMicrosatellite Markers. We used microsatellite markers to analyze the genetic diversity of150individuals from five populations, Dongting (DT), Yellow River (HH),Huangsha (HS), Japan (RB), Luka (LK) of Trionyx sinensis. The LKpopulation is the hybrid of DT and HH population. The number of allelesamplified from each locus was3to6, and the mean allele number was4.1818. The effective number of alleles (Ne), observed heterozygosity (HO),expected heterozygosity (HE) and polymorphism information content wereall the highest in LK population as2.3969,0.5545,0.5274, and0.4660respectively. FST index between every two populations of all loci indicatedthat the DT population shared the most genetic similarity with HHpopulation and the lest genetic similarity with RB population, with the Fstindex of0.0233and0.0969separately. The UPGMA dendrogram basedon Nei’s genetic distances showed that the DT population, the HHpopulation and the LK population were grouped in one cluster, which wasthen clustered with the HS population. The RB population was grouped ina separate cluster.3. Comparative Research on the Growth of Three Populations of Soft-shellTurtle in Juvenile stageWe did a research on the growth comparison of three populations ofsoft-shell turtle,Dongting(DT),Huanghe(HH),luka(LK)of Trionyx sinensisin Juvenile stage in natural temperatures, The LK population is the hybridof DT and HH population(DT♀×HH♂). The results show that the growth speed DT>LK>HH, the survival rate of LK is100%, which is highest in thethree populations. The uniformity degree of DT is lowest, and LK is closeto HH. The food coefficients are HH>LK>DT. We did curve estimation oftergum-length(TL), tergum-width(TW), withers height (WH)and weight,positive correlation had been found in the three populations, the degree ofaffect is WH>TW>TL.