| The experiment was carried out to the effects of bagging and foliar fertilization on fruit qualities of Red Fuji apple and its photosynthetic characteristics. Those apple trees selected in the experiment were eleven years old in Aksu. The result showed as follows:(1) The finish, stained area, fruit firmness were gradually decreased, but the contents of total sugar, reducing sugar and sucrosum were gradually increased, as long as the time of bagging was delay. The best period for bagging was on June9.(2) The finish was decreased as the time of bag-removing was delay, and the contents of total sugar, reducing sugar and sucrosum had almost the same dynamic changes as those in the naked fruits except for the lower contents during fruit developing. The ideal time of bag removing is around October6, and the action of bag removing should be quick. Besides we can determine the suitable time through the observation of skin color:when shin color is white, fruits can be colored best; when it’s green or yellow, coloration is far worse.(3) Spraying foliar fertilizer can increase fruit weight and improve the soluble solid, total sugar, reducing sugar, dietary fiber and fruit shape index in young fruits, yet it inhibits the synthesis of sucrose. And organic fertilizer has the best effect. Compound fertilizer and potash fertilizer can improve Vc in fruits, but calcium fertilizer and organic fertilizer can reduce the content of Vc. Organic fertilizer and potash fertilizer can promote vertical and transverse diameters of the fruits, and compound fertilizer inhibits its growth. So spraying calcium fertilizer or compound fertilizer at youth stage is suggested according the above.(4) Spraying foliar fertilization can improve the fruit weight, vertical and transverse diameters, soluble solids, total sugar, reducing sugar, dietary fiber, protein and Vc during expanding stage of fruit. Potassium fertilizer, compound fertilizer and calcium fertilizer can promote the accumulation of sucrose in fruits. So spraying calcium fertilizer or compound fertilizer during expanding stage is suggested according the above.(5) Spraying foliar fertilizer can improve the fruit weight, vertical and transverse diameters, soluble solid. fruit shape index, total acid and protein, potassium fertilizer and organic fertilizer have better effects than other fertilizers. Calcium fertilizer and potassium fertilizer can increase the contents of total sugar and reducing sugar, but reduce Vc content; And compound fertilizer, organic fertilizer reduce the sugar content, but improve the content of Vc as well. Besides calcium, potassium fertilizer, organic fertilizer, compound fertilizer can increase the content of dietary fiber. So organic fertilization is highly recommended during coloring stage.(6) Spraying foliar fertilizer can improve total sugar, reducing sugar, sucrose, soluble solid, Vc and protein contents in mature Fuji fruits, but it has little influence on vertical and transverse diameters, and it reduces the fruit shape index and inhibits the synthesis of total acid. To sum up, spraying potash fertilizer or organic fertilizer has better effect at the mature stage of fruits.(7) Spraying foliar fertilizer could change the photosynthetic characteristics of Red Fuji apple. The results showed the foliar fertilizer increased the net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and stomata conductance of leaf (Gs), which was significant effect of potassium fertilizer; Organic fertilizer can inhibit the transpiration rate of fruit tree (Tr), and improve the efficiency of water use remarkably.We analysed the single factor variance at different time of Pn, of Tr, Gs, WUE, and the results show that the difference are the most significant at12:00in all these treatments. Foliar fertilization (except potassium fertilizer) reduces the light compensation point(LCP) and dark respiration rate (Rd), and improves the the light saturation point (LSP) and apparent quantum yield (AQY). |
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