Study On The Effect Of Calcium Fertilizations On Fruit Quality And Physiological And Biochemical Characteristics Of Red Fuji Apple

Take dwarfed red Fuji apple in the full fruit as the material, Sprayed continuously the different calcium fertilization: calcium 2000,calcium Cuikang (Stopit),amino acid calcium, and Jiyin calcium(Fulvic acid calcium),each the 10¹5 day after young fruit stage and expand fruit stage. Studied:The effect of different calcium fertilizers on photosynthesis; The absorptive characteristic of various nutritive elements in different calcium fertilizers and in stages of spraying calcium ; The effect of Ca²⁺-ATPase activity ,Superoxide Dismutase(SOD)activity,Catalase(CAT)activity,Peroxidase(POD)activity and fruit quality in different calcium fertilizers and in stages of spraying calcium. sedual function as the nutritive element and the second messenger; In order to ascertain the best stage of spraying calcium; to study the effect of spraying calcium frequency on red Fuji apple and to select suitable calcium fertilization and apply to practical field. The result indicated: (1) that the treatment of spraying calcium to be obvious to increased the photosynthetic rate,the transpiration rate and stomatal conductance, but among the treatment of different calcium fertilization, the photosynthetic rate is: calcium 2000> Jiyin calcium (Fulvic acid calcium) > amino acid calcium> calcium Cuikang (Stopit) ,The influence of the transpiration rate and stomatal conductance is inaccordance with that of the photosynthetic rate. (2) that spraying calcium to be obvious to increase various nurient elements content in fruit and leaf compared with the control, but the correlation among various nurient elements is different by the change of amount of calcium. Whatsoever calcium fertilizers,or stages of spraying calcium,the change of B concent and that of Ca had significant positive correlation. After the treatment of spraying calcium of young fruit stage, concent of Ca marked increased , and highter Ca content restrained the increment of content N,P,Mg,Fe. While there was no significant correlation between Ca and K,Zn,Mn,Cu. After the treatment of spraying calcium of expand fruit stage , the increment of concent of Ca become slower ,and lower Ca content no negative correlation with others nurient elements(N,P,K,Mg,Fe,Zn,Cu,Mn,B); but no marked positive correlation among the different spraying calcium, the effect of spraying calcium in young fruit and expand fruit stage .is best, Next is that in young fruit stage , The last is that in expand fruit stage. Therefore, it was good time that to spray calcium in young fruit stage and it was good method to improve fruit quality by sutiable amount and more time spraying calcium。In all tested calcium fertilizers, the Jiyin calcium (Fulvic acid calcium) was the best, then the amino acid calcium, Cuikang calcium (Stopit), calcium 2000 respectively. The result also showed that the content of N,P,K,Fe,Zn,Cu,Mn,B gradually decreased with the development of pomology beside Ca,Mg. (3) Whatsoever calcium fertilizers,or stages of spraying calcium, The results showed that spraying calcium had marked increased Ca2+-ATPase activity,SOD activity,CAT activity,POD activity, and also increased the single fruit weight, firmness, Vc content, protein content ,soluble solids content (SSC) and anthocyanidin content, while had decreased the chlorophyll content and titratable acid concent (TAC). In all tested calcium fertilizers, the Jiyin calcium (Fulvic acid calcium) was the best, then the amino acid calcium, Cuikang calcium(Stopit), calcium 2000 respectively. Judging by the total effect of spraying calcium, Ca enhances photosynthesis as the second messager and feedback adjust content of calcium also by second messager; Under synthetic influence in different calcium fertilizations, the effect of Jiyin calcium(Fulvic acid calcium) is best, Next is the amino acid calcium's, Third is calcium Cuikang (Stopit)'s and Gaibao 2000. Therefore, Jiyin calcium(Fulvic acid calcium) and amino acid calcium were better organic fertilizers to apply to practical filed, but Gaibao 2000 is the best to increase photosynthesis.