| With the Hybrid Hsien Rice F-You498and Conventional Japonica Rice XuDao4as materials, we conducted a field experiment using many direct-seeding cultivation methods such as Mechanical zero-tillage dry direct-seeding cultivation, Mechanical zero-tillage half wet and half dry direct-seeding cultivation, Mechanical rotary-tillage half wet and half dry artificial seeding cultivation, Mechanical rotary-tillage wet artificial seeding cultivation, et al. and respectively compared them with Seedling raising transplanting, to explore the mechanized direct-seeding high-yield cultural techniques which is suitable for rice cropping in west plain of Sichuan Basin. Main research results were drawn as follows:1、Effects of different direct-seeding models on the grain yield and its component factors in riceEffects of different varieties and direct-seeding models on the grain yield and population quality are significantly or very significantly level, and there are some interaction effects. The research showed that F-You498yield was very higher significantly than Xu-Dao4between two varieties. With the higher total amount of spikelets, higher seed setting rate percentage, and higher1000-grain weight, transplanting rice was higher grain yield. Mechanical zero-tillage half wet and half dry direct seeding cultivation (B2) could improve the two groups the total amount of spikelets per unit area and seed setting rate, and improve the grain yield. And, its grain yield was significantly higher than other treatments for the best mode.2、Effect of different direct-seeding cultivation methods on growth and development characteristics of riceThe results suggested that F-You498’s full-bearing period days was significantly shorter than Xu-Dao4’s, and direct-seeding rice’s was significantly shorter than transplanting rice’s. On tiller characteristics, Xu-Dao4had obvious advantage on numbers, the same as seeding rice. Besides, the plant height of F-You498was significantly higher than Xu-Dao4, and its panicle characteristics had obvious advantage. Among differect cultivation methods, the mechanical direct seeding treatment’s plant height and the artificial broadcast sowing treatment’s spikelet density had obvious advantage, while B2treatment in primary branches, secondary branches and panicle length was the best method. 3、Effect of different direct-seeding cultivation methods on photosynthesis of riceStudy showed that the leaf area index (LAI) and other related indicators of F-You498were obviously better than Xu-Dao4,and leaf morphology in flag leaves at full-heading stage showed consistently. But the grain-leaf ratio showed oppositely. Transplanting rice had a higher efficient leaf area ratio than direct seeding rice. On photosynthetic and light transmission, F-You498’s net photosynthetic rate was higher than Xu-Dao4at the early filling phase, and then it turned low pre and post maturity. Transplanting rice was obviously higher than direct seeding rice after full-heading stage, and mechanical direct seeding was also better than artificial broadcast sowing. Xu-Dao4had higher light transmission rate and extinction coefficient. The efforts of B2treatment were roughly same, with seemly population light transmission rates and appropriate extinction coefficient, to make better photosynthetic products accumulation.4、Effect of different direct-seeding cultivation methods on material reserves and translocation of stem and sheath of rice.As to accumulation and translocation of dry matters, material accumulation of stem and sheath, harvest index and each index materical translocation of F-You498were obviously better than Xu-Dao4. Transplanting rice’s materical accumulation of stem and sheath and harvest index were more higher than direct-seeding rice’s, and it had advantage on population growth. F-You498’s mechanical direct-seeding treatments also had high materical accumulation of stem and sheath at the maturity stage. The materical translocation of transplanting rice was obviously better than direct-seeding rice, and the stem and sheath per shoot of mechanical direct-seeding treatment were a litter weighter than broadcast sowing treatment. The rate of production and translocation of F-You498using mechanical direct-seeding treatment was better than others.5、Effect of different direct-seeding cultivation methods on the aging physiological characters of rice during productive period.The research results showed that the activity of protective enzyme systems among differect treatment(Superoxide Dismutase, Peroxidase, Catalase) showed that:artificial transplanting> mechanical direct-seeding>artificial broadcast sowing. The leaf senescence rate of artificial broadcast sowing treatment was more quickly than any other treatments at the later grain-filling stage. The content of Malondialdehyde of F-You498was relatively higher at the later full-heading stage, and the content of soluble protein of flag leaves was relatively lower, then its deuteric senescence phenomenon was more obvious. Besides, F-You498’s root bleeding intensity was obviously higher than Xu-Dao4at each growth stage. Mechanical direct-seeding rice’s was obviously higher than transplanting rice’s, and the former had strong root activity and slow senescence rate in late period.6、Effect of different direct-seeding cultivation methods on the lodging resistance characters of stem of rice.Our research showed that, with higher plant height and more weight ear, F-You498lodged more easily, but Xu-Dao4was not. The ear length, ear weight, internodes fresh weight, ratio of weight to length, diameter of culm, bending weight, section modulus, lodging index of transplanting rice were obviously higher than direct-seeding rice, and its lodging resistance was poorer. However, artificial broadcast sowing rice’s internodes length were obviously higher than other treatment’s, and its thickness of culm wall and culm phenotype index were remarkably lower than other treatment’s, so its lodging resistance was poor, and it was easy to lodged. |
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