The Miniaturel Seed And Colour Of Maize Seed Mutants Of Genetic Analysis

1. We researched the miniaturel seed through the method of morphology, developmental biology, anatomy and cytogenetics in maize. The aim is that miniaturel seed is as a model plant to explain the common genetic phenomenon. The main results of genetic analysis are as follows:1) Plant of mnl wasn’t significantly difference with Mnl. The mnl seed was shriveled, wrinkled or brittle,5%germination. With the development, the mnl mutant increased in the weight of grain. Anatomical structure showed the cells which were between the bottom of the endosperm cells and maternal cells in mnl seed are disintegrated in12DAP. In19DAP, the gap was formed between the endosperm and maternal cells and resulted in directly physical damage for developing grain.2) Genetic analysis showed that mnl mutant was a recessive single gene, and the gene was only affected for developing grain.3) We obtained the Mnl and mnl seed which were from the F1hybrid of Mn1×mn1backcrossed with mnl. It was distinguished still12DAP by naked eye. Their seeds development showed that the weight of Mnl seed exceeded significantly the mnl from12to34DAP. Two kinds of seed had similarly trend of growth. The mnl seed which was30percent by weight of Mnl seed was96%germination. The mnl seed whose embryo and endosperm were much reduced but they had the same ratio as Mnl seed.4) The hybridization between mnl and normal pollen showed that normal pollen changed phenotype of mnl seed and increased significantly mnl seed weight during grain-filling period. Xenia effect was appeared when mnl seed was as female. We could not find xenia effect when mnl pollen was as male.2. The M042was from inbred line by selecting in field. M042appeared a kind of imprinting pigment which was linear and punctiform distribution in seed except embryo side. Anatomical observations found that pigment accumulated in seed coat. Genetic analysis showed that the M042was very complex. We conclude on this result that the imprinting seed ratio was less by directional-selfed selection.3. MSo was a inbred line, which its pericarp appeared mosaic of red and Aleurone was purple black. The S1, S2, S3had13kinds of phenotype at least, and grained many media-seed. It showed that the MSo material was a huger GenBank and had the potential of separation a variety of grain color. Genetic analysis conjectured that the pericarp genotype was P-vrB-boliviabp, endosperm genotype was Y1y8wc.