Study On Soil Nutrient Change And Nutrient Runoff Coefficients Of Vineyard Field In Chaohu Lake Basin

Chaohu Lake had entered the eutrophication state from the80s of last century, the water quality had reached the fifth type in90s, algaes growing, eutrophication pricking up, The total nitrogen, phosphorus index level had reached already the bad fifth type. Feidong, Feixi coutry and the Bao River District of Hefei near Caohu lake area contained about24million acres of cultivated land, perennial crops, sown area was about50acres, the use of annual fertilizer was about13,000t, the use of pesticides was about300t. With the adjustment of agricultural structure increasing. the growing acreage of fruit increased, Fruits trees need large fertilizer, fertilizer field crops is2to3times, the lake-point source pollution of agricultural villages and towns will seriously exacerbate eutrophication. The DaWei District is only2km from the Chaohu River, growing grape one million area, about one million tons of organic fertilizer and about0.1million tons of fertilizer were applied each year, of which the loss of nutrients into the lake by Nanfeihe, Which had Greater impact on eutrophication. However, Nitrogen and phosphorus loss because of agricultural inputs, contribution to the pollution and specific pollution coefficient were unknown.this study Field monitoring trials was conducted in Dawei discharge monitoring points. Runoff pond in Grape growing park was constrcted, runoff water sample was collected for analysis. The monitoring sites was located at the Dawei Town Ziyu village,2km from the Caohu, representative of the full fruit period vineyards, one year as a monitoring cycle, continuous monitoring of three years, set up two processings (control area and the general area), the conventional treatment area was conducted in accordance with the existing cropping patterns, and the control area was conducted the same patten with the conventional treatment area in addition to no fertilizer. Collected runoff water samples and mensurated the content of nitrogen and phosphorus in water samples. At the same time, the correlation analysis was carried between fore-and-aft monitoring soil samples and plant samples. To measure nitrogen and phosphorus loss coefficient of the grape growing process, The outcome could provide a reliable basis to change irrational fertilization of agricultural and reduce point source pollution in Chaohu Lake Basin.By vineyard nutrient loss monitoring analysis of three years, the conclusions were as follows:1No fertilizers on crop yield had performance of a gradual process:no fertilization caused quality of production to decline, but not fertilization had a significant difference with fertilization on yield after3-year fertilization.2Three consecutive years of monitoring of soil nutrient content of grape showed that Dawei district in in lower nitrogen levels0.62-1.0g/kg, low-medium level of available phosphorus content of more than95, very rich in available potassium content422-750mg/kg. P and K are rich in grape growing, but light in application of nitrogen fertilizer, resulting the enrichment of phosphorus and potassium in soil and nitrogen is insufficient. Medium to low in organic matter content, therefore, adjusting the fertilizer structure, application of organic fertilizer on grape are of great significance to yield and quality.3Annual monitoring of vineyard showed nitrogen and phosphorus loss were generally low,3-year monitoring results indicate that the loss rate of P and K was less than1%. Loss coefficient of nitrogen was0.22%-0.70%, averaging0.48%, loss coefficient of phosphorus was0.036-0.052%, respectively.0.047%, the loss of fertilizer and fertilizer loss coefficient have a greater relationship with the method of fertilization.4The nutrient forms of analysis of runoff water, nitrate nitrogen reched25.26% -61.27%, ammonium nitrogen reached14.30%-36.67%. The nitrate form of nitrogen loss is greater than the loss of ammonium nitrogen in the form. Total soluble phosphorus in total phosphorus ratio reached generally between38.55%-64.93%, about50%of the phosphorus is soluble forms of phosphorus loss.