Fingerprints And Chemical Quality Dividings Of Tobacco Leaves In Different Altitude Of Bijie

ABSTRACT:Bijie Area, where the output of tobacco leaves ranks the highest ofGuizhou Province, is the third largest tobacco area in China, thus its tobacco leavesoccupy a special position in Chinese cigarettes, and are favored by the tobaccoindustry, which makes it an important base of production and supply of high qualityraw materials for Chinese tobacco industry. Influenced by karst landform, theecological differences are significant in Bijie Area. The tobacco leaves here arestrongly influenced by environmental factors, and showed different characteristics indifferent ecological regions. This study, based on determined chemical qualityindicators of the flue-cured tobacco in the past two years, offered a comprehensiveevaluation of the chemical quality of flue-cured tobacco in Bijie Area, through clusteranalysis, variance analysis and other methods, using GIS technology to preciselydivide the chemical quality of flue-cured tobacco. Its main conclusions are as follows:(1) It verified that the altitude is the dominant factor to affect the qualitycharacteristics and distribution of tobacco leaves in Bijie Area.(2) With the combination of China Tobacco-growing Divisions, the requirements ofcigarette industry businesses, and advice of experts, it built a chemical compositionevaluation system of flue-cured tobacco in Bijie Area.(3) It regionalized the quality of the flue-cured tobacco in Bijie Area in accordancewith basic chemical indicators.(4) Based on the chemical indicators together with the altitude, it divided theflue-cured tobacco into three categories, namely low-altitude gradient mellow sweetaroma type, middle-altitude gradient mellow delicate aroma type and high-altitudegradient delicate sweet aroma type.(5) It showed by the analysis results of sample detection of tobacco leaves of BijieArea in recent years that the coefficients of variation of the contents of nicotine,potassium, chloride, polyphenols, organic acids, browning reaction products,phenylalanine class and the cembranenoids substances were relatively great, some ofwhich were even more than30%; while the coefficients of variation of total sugar,reducing sugar, total nitrogen, starch, carotenoids, neophytadiene, petroleum ether andtotal neutral aroma substance were relatively small, with poor overall uniformity.(6) It analyzed the chemical basis of the above three types and obtained the followingresults through variance analysis:Among the routine chemical components of the flue-cured tobacco leaves, thecontent of total nitrogen; nicotine; myristic acid and margaric acid from semi-volatileorganic acids; Benzofuranone,3-Hydroxyl-β-dihydrodamascenone, Farnesyl acetone,Megastignone from carotenoids and the total of carotenoids;5-Methy-2-Furfura,3,4-Dimethy-2,5-furanone and Acepyrrol from browning reaction products; Benzaldehyde, Benzyl alcohol, Phenylacetaldehyde, Linalool from Phenylalanine andthe total of Phenylalanine in the mellow sweet aroma type were significantly higherthan those in the other two types; while the content of chlorogenic acid,4-O-caffeicquinic acid, cembranenoids and other kinds of aromatic substances of the mellowsweet aroma type were significantly higher than those in the other two types.Among the routine chemical components of the flue-cured tobacco leaves, thecontent of the ratio of total sugar to reducing sugar; oxalic acid, malonic acid, malicacid, citric acid and isocitric acid from nonvolatile organic acids and the total ofnonvolatile organic acids;14-methyl-hexadecanoic acid from semi-volatile organicacids;total organic acids; β-Damascenone and β-dihydrodamascenone fromcarotenoids; Furaldehyde from browning reaction products; neophytadiene;4-vinyl-2-methoxyphenol; and linalool of the mellow delicate aroma type weresignificantly higher than those in the other two types; while the ratio of potassium tochlorine and the content of the chlorogenic acid from the polyphenol substances of themellow delicate aroma type were significantly higher than those in the other twotypes.Among the routine chemical components of the flue-cured tobacco leaves, thecontent of total sugar; reducing sugar; the ratio of sugar to nicotine; the ratio ofnitrogen to nicotine; the content of the new chlorogenic acid, rutin from thepolyphenol substances and the total of polyphenol; γ-ketoglutarate acid and2,4-heptadiene acid from the organic acid; the content of hexadecanoic acid, linoleicacid, oleic acid, linolenic acid and stearic acid from semi-volatile organic acids; thecontent of6-Me-5-heptene-2-dione and Neryl acetone from carotenoids; the contentof Furaldehyde and Acytyl-Furan from browning reaction products; the content ofspiro-vetiver-ketone; the content of cembranenoids and the content of the total ofneutral aromatic substances of the delicate sweet aroma type were significantly higherthan those in the other two types; while the content of the content of starch, anatabine,and the total amount of non-volatile organic acids of the delicate sweet aroma typewere significantly higher than those in the other two types.(7) Dividings and evaluations of the tobacco leaves chemical quality in differentecotopes of BiJie area in GIS-platform support.