Research On Style And The Relationship Between Style And Environmental Factors Of Flue-cured Leaves From Bijie

Based on tobacco-growing areas of Bijie, to understand style characteristics of Bijie flue-cured tobacco,quantitative difference of main chemical compounds in corresponding style areas and quantitative characteristics of ecological conditions, the typical samples of flue-cured tobacco, its corresponding soil samples and climate factor datum about 8 large planting areas in Bijie were tested and analysed, and relationship between style and ecological factors was studied with correlating statistical approaches. The main findings were as follows:1 The style characteristics of flue-cured tobacco leave of different ecological conditions were evaluated and positioned. The results showed that characteristic quality tobacco style features of Bijie can be divided into three regions: clear-sweet aroma style area, clear-sweet and pure-sweet aroma style area, and pure-sweet aroma style area.(1) clear-sweet aroma style area: Tobacco aroma showed fresh and elegant. Scent showed sweet and elegant. The real-aroma was prominent and fresh-sweetness, woody and green scents were the main positive nuances. The fresh-sweetness style characteristics of this area were more typical, it consisted mainly of Weining, Hezhang, Nayong tobacco area, which located in the western region of high altitude(Altitude range is1600 Meter to 2200 Meter) in Bijie.(2) clear-sweet and pure-sweet aroma style area: on the basis of real-aroma, fresh-sweetness, pure-sweet, and woody scents were the main positive nuances, fruity, fragrant, caramel were auxiliary nuances. It had a intermediate flavor partial clear-sweet aroma style. The main dividing line was an altitude of 1500 meters, which was in a narrow transition of 1400-1600 meters, including a small part of Hezhang eastern, partial regions of Qixingguan northwest and Dafang western.(3) pure-sweet aroma style area: on the basis of real-aroma, pure-sweet, spicy and woody scents were the main positive nuances, fresh-sweetness, fruity, fragrant, caramel were auxiliary nuances. It had a intermediate flavor partial pure-sweet aroma style and it was the traditional style of the middle flavor characteristic. It consisted mainly of east Dafang, Qixingguan tobacco area and all the place of Jinsha,Qianxi,Zhijin, which located low altitude regions of Bijie eastern(Altitude range was 800 to 1400 meters).2 The chemical composition of flue-cured tobacco leave in different style conditions were analyzed. The results showed that: The contents of starch, reducing sugar, total sugar, chlorine, total free amino acids, new chlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid and 4-o- coffee Nyquist acid in clear-sweet aroma style area were higher than two other style districts. The contents of nitrogen, nicotine and total alkaloids were higher than two other style districts. The contents of potassium, total polyphenols, scopoletin, rutin, organic and petroleum ether were higher than two other style districts.3 Quantitative characteristics of ecological factors of tobacco planting areas in Bijie were analyzed. Bijie meteorological factors of different months, different growth stages and different altitudes were analyzed. The results showed that: Sunshine hours, average temperature, rainfall and relative humidity between different months climbed up and then decline, and all of them were moderate variability. The month which had the least sunshine hours was June and the month which had the most sunshine hours was August. The average temperature of September and June and was the lowest, the average temperature of July and August was the highest. The rainfall of August was the least and the rainfall of July was the most. The relative humidity of May was the lowest and the relative humidity of June was the highest. At different growth stages, sunshine hours and relative humidity first climbed up, then declined and reincreased, besides, sunshine hours were within the appropriate range, the overall relative humidity were high. Average temperature and rainfall showed a gradual increasing trend and the rainfall in the whole growth stages was plentiful, while the average temperature of the western region was lower than the optimum range. The factors of growth periods were similar to those of Brazil. With altitude increasing, sunshine hours increased, average temperature decreased, and rainfall and relative humidity had no obvious rules.The overall soil factors of Bijie tobacco plating areas and soil factors of different altitudes were measured and analysed statistically. The results showed that the overall soil factors in Bijie manifested as follows: content of nitrogen, effective sulfur, effective iron, effective manganese and effective copper were all at the highest level. Contents of effective Zn and effective phosphorus were both higher. Contents of total potassium, effective potassium and water-soluble chlorine were medium. Content of total phosphorus was very low. Contents of total potassium, slow potassium, effective iron and effective manganese of the lower altitude were higher than average contents of the crowning altitude. Contents of total nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, phosphorus, organic matter and water-soluble chloride of the medium altitude were the highest; Mean contents of nitrate, total phosphorus, effective potassium, effective boron, effective sulfur, effective copper and effective zinc of the high altitude were the highest. The different nutrient conditions of three altitudes achieved difference of different degrees.The highlights of meteorological factors and soil factors of Bijie tobacco planting area was judged. The results showed that meteorological factors highlights ranged between 0.6317-0.8598 and mean of 0.7355. The tobacco planting area was divided into three categories by cluster analysis, the first group contained Hezhang and Qixingguan, both of them had the highest highlights. Dafang, Zhijin, Nayong and Qianxi were the second class, highlights of which was medium. The lower highlights county included Jinsha and Weining. Lower total phosphorus, higher sulfur and nitrogen contents of soil factors resulted that soil factors of Bijie tobacco planting area highlights overall had a low amplitude,which ranged 0.3012-0.4497. The tobacco planting area were divided into three categories by cluster analysis. Zhijin was the first class; Hezhang, Dafang,Jinsha,Weining and Qixingguan were the second class. Qianxi, Jinsha and Nayong were the third category.4 Correlation coefficient and gray relational analysis method were used to study the relationship of the style and the corresponding ecological factors. The results showed that ecological factors which affected tobacco-style indicators more greatly were not consistent. Rainfall and effective copper had the biggest correlation degree with flavor. Rainfall and PH had the biggest correlation degree with gas concentration. Sunshine hours and PH had the biggest correlation degree with aroma of the state. Average temperature and PH had the biggest correlation degree with momentum. In terms of nuances, continuous low temperature in growth periods, more sunshine hours and low humidity in early time, fewer sunshine hours, high humidity in late time, and the soil conditions with high contents of nitrate and effective Zn contributed to the formation of the flue-cured tobacco clear-sweet aroma. On the contrary, it was conducive to the formation of the pure-sweet aroma.5 Make the use of regression analysis and discriminant analysis method to establish the relational model of flue-cured tobacco flavor and ecological factors. 21 ecological factors screened out from 44 factors were used to build the model by the method of principal component analysis to reduce the dimension. By establishing and testing the regression model, average temperature of May, sunshine hours of 5-9 months, the average temperature of August and September had extremely significant regression relationship with Bijie flue-cured tobacco flavor. Four factors together determined the 96.43% of tobacco flavor style intermediate level. They are the main factors which influence the style degree of flue-cured tobacco flavor and could be used to characterize, evaluate and forecast the extent of Bijie flue-cured tobacco flavor.Self-test and validate group were used to validate discriminant model, the accuracy of three flavor discriminant was high and the discriminant model could be used to determine the flavor.