Study On Physicochemical Properties Change And The Appropriate Match Of Mushroom As Vegetable Seedling Culture

With the development of our modern factorization agriculture, factorybreeding technology been promoted and applied. Peat resources are limited as anursery substrate, forcing the people began to look for peat substitutes. Henan as themushroom cultivation provinces, the annual mushroom residue causing seriouspollution to the environment. Therefore, the study of mushroom compost as avegetable seedling matrix and appropriate formulations has great significance.Tested with cooked mushroom residue（after the maturity of the mushroom） and rawmushroom residue （without the maturity of the mushroom）as the two kinds ofmushroom, respectively use1mm,3mm,5mm sieve to obtain≤1mm,≤3mm≤5mm,1-3mm,3-5mm,5kinds particle size as10kinds of processing. Then compare thephysicochemical property and the effect of seeding growth of the10treatments,andselect the best two particle size. The optimal particle size of mushroom residue mixedwith vermiculite in different volume ratio,as1:0、4:1、3:2、2:3、1:4、0:1, to study thephysicochemical properties and the effect of seeding growth of the differentproportion stroma.Analyzing the water characteristics and nutrient uptake andeffectiveness of nutrient of the best proportion stroma. The results showed that:1、The physicochemical property of the different particle size shown that: In thesame substrate, bulk density, water holding porosity, PH, EC, and particle size wasnegatively correlated; Such as≤1mm and3-5mm of both particle size and cookedmushroom residue compost bulk density from0.527g cm^-3down to0.373g cm^-3,EC values from6.94ms/cm down to4.02ms/cm. total porosity, aeration porosityand particle size was positively correlated,for the aeration porosity of the two kindsparticle size of≤1mm and3-5mm from10.83%up to55.08%.in the physicochemicalproperties, all particle size substract can satisfy the request of seeding except the≤1mm particle sizeDifferent size mushroom substrate processing cucumber cultivation, peat:vermiculite=3:1（volume） as the contrast, in the same matrix, the trend of themorphological indexes of the seedlings from≤1mm and≤3mm particle size of thematrix treatment began to increase and reach the maximum at≤5mm particle sizeof the matrix processing, processing decreased in1-3mm and3-5mm diameter of thematrix. The two kinds of particle size of≤3mm and≤5mm cooked mushroomporosity between80.6%-81.6%, the aeration porosity was29.7%-35.9%,germination percentage and seedling effect was significantly higher than the contrastand other treatments. At3leaf stage of cucumber seedlings, the fresh weight increase4.351gand4.4g than the contrast; leaf area were increased by24.74cm2,28.02cm2,the porosity of raw mushroom processing≤3mm and≤5mm particle size was 78.22%-80.02%and the aeration porosity was27.92%-35.62%,manifesting thehighest germination rate and best nursery effect.So the cooked mushroom residue with particle size of≤3mm and≤5mm should bethe best growing medium.2、With the increase of the proportion of vermiculite added in the same particlesize mushroom, mushroom matrix porosity, aeration porosity, bulk density, PH, theEC and the vermiculite content was negatively correlated; Such as≤3mm diameter ofmushroom compost and vermiculite volume ratio of4:1and1:4, aeration porosityfrom25.1%drop to12.1%, bulk density down from0.422g cm^-3to0.322gcm^-3.water holding porosity was positively correlated with vermiculite content.≤3mm diameter of mushroom compost and vermiculite volume ratio of4:1and1:4,holding water porosity increased from53.3%to60.3%.Overall,T2,T3,T7,T8of thephysicochemical properties close to the affinity level.Different treatment by the cucumber cultivation, peat: vermiculite=3:1（volumeratio）as the contrast,adding vermiculite at the same particle size mushroom, seedlinggrowth index decreases with the increasing vermiculite content in the matrix. Whenthe ratio of cooked mushroom residue in≤5mm diameter with vermiculite volumewas4:1, the total porosity reached80%, and aeration porosity was29.4%, the nurseryis better than contrast and other processing, the fresh weight, stem diameter, plantheight of the cucumber at3leaf stage were increased by5.26g,1.38mm,12.16cmthan contrast.The mushroom of≤5mm diameter compost with vermiculite as thevolume ratio of4:1, the cucumber seedling reached the best effect.Different processing tomato cultivation, peat: vermiculite=3:1（volume ratio） forthe contrast, adding vermiculite in the same particle size mushroom, the seedlinggrowth trend reduced then increased with the increasing vermiculite in thecontent.when the vermiculite content of40%, the seedling growth indicators reachedthe highest. While the mushroom of≤5mm diameter compost with vermiculitevolume ratio was3:2, the total porosity was78.3%, and aeration porosity at24.4%,nursery effect was significantly higher than the contrast and other processing.Theseedling fresh weight, stem diameter, plant height of tomato at49days were increased7.259g,0.65mm,12.36cm than the contrast.The mushroom of≤5mm diameter mixedwith vermiculite at the volume ratio of3:2is the best seedling substrates of tomato.3、The field capacity, water absorption, permeability, available water, wiltingcoefficient, absorption coefficient and evaporation rate of the cucumber best seedingsubstrates[H1] is higher than the best tomato seedlings matrix[F1]. Among them,Cucumber, tomato best penetration of the growth substrate, respectively higher37.4%,28.6%than the contrast, but the field moisture capacity and moisture pickup of thetwo treatment was lower11.8%、15.5%and11.6%、32%than the contrast.And thefield capacity, water absorption capacity, available water, wilting coefficient,absorption coefficient and the evaporation rate is lower than the contrast.so the waterabsorption power oh the substrates should be improved.Seedlings of cucumber, tomato and mushroom recipe matrix and the matrixelement content determination can be seen, H1of cucumber seedlings aboveground,N, Ca and Mg element content than adequate, but P, K content lower. In the two periods, the P content decreased by9%, and K, decreased by3.5%.F1processingtomato seedling aboveground N, P, K, Ca, Mg content showed an upward trend. In thetwo periods, the element contents were increased by3.5%,12.7%,46.5%,22.1%,2.6%.Treated matrix H1, F1, N, P, K, Ca, Mg content showed a decreasing trend...