Studies On Postharvest Flower Blooming Promoters And Storage Methods Of Cut Chysanthemum

This thesis focused on portharvest flower forcing of cut chrysanthemumfrom five aspects: firstly, the best consisthence for basic components of the bloomingpromother was screened at postharvest flower budding of cut chrysanthemum;sceondly, the best consisthence of different plant growth regulators for postharvestflower budding of cut chrysanthemum was stuied;thirdly,the effect on forcing and thephysiological changes of different plant growth regulators for postharvest flowerbudding of cut chrysanthemum studied; forthly,blooming promothes on fresh-keepingeffcet of cut chrysanthemum was studied;fifthly,the influence of storage time, wayand temperature for postharvest flower budding of cut chrysanthemum after storagewas researched.These researches got the best blooming promother and the beststorage conditions suitable for postharvest flower budding of cut chrysanthemum,analyzed physiological mechanism during forcing time of cut chrysanthemum andlaied the foundation for the technology application on postharvest flower budding ofcut chrysanthemum. The main research results were as following:1.In this thesis, the four factors for basic components of blooming promoterswere made up of sucrose,8-HQ, SA, Cacl2, and using the design of four factors threelevel orthogonal experiment, for screening the best basic components of the bloomingpromother and the main effect factor for cut chrysanthemum. The evaluating indexesincluded the daily change of corolla diameter, flowering rate and the daily change offresh weight. The results showed: The basic component combination about the largestamount for the daily change of corolla diameter was A3B3C1D2, the best effect forimproving the flowering rate was A3B2C3D1, the best effect for increasing the freshweight was A3B3C1D1. Through comprehensive analysised, the primary andsecondary effect order of factors for postharvest flower budding of cutchrysanthemum was A> C> D> B, namely, sucrose> SA> Cacl2>8-HQ, the bestbasic component of blooming promothers for cut chrysanthemum was:50g L^-1S+300mg L^-18-HQ+75mg L^-1SA+150mg L^-1Cacl2.2. With the best basic component of blooming promothers as basis,differentconcentration plant growth regulator and combination treatment were added, including6-BA, GA₃, KT, IAA+6-BA and IAA+KT. The results showed: Theconcentration of3mg L^-16-BA was the optimal concentration for postharvest flowerbudding of cut chrysanthemum, the optimal concentration of GA₃was100mg L^-1, theoptimal concentration of KT was140mg L^-1, the concentration of6-BA (3mg L^-1)+IAA (2mg L^-1) was the optimal concentration of6-BA+IAA processing, the optimalconcentration of KT+IAA treatment was KT (140mg L^-1)+IAA (2mg L^-1).3. Compared with the effect of different plant growth regulator for postharvestflower budding of cut chrysanthemum, the physiological changes of cutchrysanthemum were analysed during the process of flower forcing,the optimalhormone and the best blooming promother for postharvest flower budding of cutchrysanthemum were got. The results showed that:In the aspect of water absorption,the fresh weight of blooming promotherstreatments which included plant growth regulator was rasing, compared with theblooming promother and CK druing the process of flower forcing.At the end of theprocess of flower forcing, the percentage of fresh weight increased respectively: thetreatment of6-BA was52.95%, the treatment KT was47.05%, the treatment GA₃was74.54%, the treatment of6-BA+IAA was59.17%, the treatment of KT+IAA was49.95%, and the basic treatment was42.50%. Size order for the highest content ofwater balance was GA₃>6-BA>6-BA+IAA> KT+IAA> KT> basictreatment.There were no obvious differences between6-BA and6-BA+IAA. Thefresh weight of CK went down after3days, and water balance value was negatived,water lossed severely.The content of soluble protein and soluble sugar were obviously differences ofeach treatment druing the process of flower forcing, but they had the same changetrend with firstly rising and then declining. Size order for the highest content ofsoluble protein and soluble sugar was GA₃>6-BA+IAA>6-BA> KT+IAA> KT>basic treatment> CK. Compared with the beginning of the process of flower forcing,soluble protein content for the treatment of6-AB increased by37.61%, GA₃increased74.43%, KT increased5.35%,6-BA+IAA increased by51.46%, KT+IAAincreased by32.43%, basic treatment and CK were decreased by9.32%and24.62%at the end of the process of flower forcing. Compared with the beginning of theprocess of flower forcing, soluble sugar content for the treatment of6-AB increasedby56.83%, GA₃increased by86.36%, KT increased by54.59%,6-BA+IAAincreased by65.22%, KT+IAA increased by58.57%, basic treatment increased by 10.45%, CK decreased by3.25%at the end of the process of flower forcing. Theseexplained that the blooming promothers treatments which included plant growthregulator could better maintain higher content of soluble protein andsoluble sugar forpetals, further extend the ornamental period.The blooming promothers treatments which included plant growth regulatorwere effectively improving the enzyme activity of POD,CAT and SOD.In the processof flower forcing, The overall size order for the enzyme activity of POD was6-BA+IAA treatment,GA₃treatment,6-BA treatment, KT+IAA treatment,KTtreatment,basic treatment, CK; The overall size order for the enzyme activity of SODwas GA₃treatment,6-BA+IAA treatment,6-BA treatment,KT+IAA treatment,KTtreatment,basic treatment,CK;The overall size order for the enzyme activity of CATwas GA₃treatment,6-BA+IAA treatment,6-BA treatment,KT+IAA treatment,basic treatment, KT treatment, CK. GA₃treatment prefreably enhanced the enzymeactivity of POD,SOD and CAT,and effectively reliveyed the activity reducing of threeenzymes.Through comprehensive analysised,the best hormone was the concentration of100mg L^-1GA₃,and the best blooming promothers treatment was50g L^-1S+300mg L^-18-HQ+75mg L^-1SA+150mg L^-1Cacl2+100mg L^-1GA₃for postharvestflower budding of cut chrysanthemum.4.Blooming promothers and the traditional fresh liquid, force flowering materialand natural flowering material were combined with each other into bottle insertsprocessing. With comprehensive quantitative qualitative method, comprehensivescore of each treatment was descriptioned, changes of protein content, chlorophyllcontent, flower pigments content and flavonoids content of each treatment wasanalysised.The results showed that: the size order of the comprehensive scoredescriptioned was Ab> Aa> Ba> Bb> CKa> CKb, the average comprehensivescore of blooming promothers A was higher than the traditional bottle inserts liquid Band CK. As to the vase life, the treatment of natural flowering vase life was longer for2-3days than the treatment of force flowering, the treatment which included the bestblooming promothers first could promote flower bud open, and effectively relieveddegradation for the content of protein in petals and chlorophyll in leaves,improved thecontent of water in flower and the content of flower pigments,compared with thetreatment which included the traditional bottle inserts liquid.At the period of forceflowering,the best blooming promothers could be used as bottle inserts fluid,and had good effects.5. To7days and14days for two storage periods, to dry and wet for two storageways,0℃,2℃and4℃for storaged with postharvest flower budding of cutchrysanthemum, after push flowers. The results showed that:After7days and14days storage, each temperature of dry storage treatmentsall made flower lost a portion of the water. Druing the process of flower forcing,during7days and14days storage processing, the force flowering effect of eachtemperature of wet storage treatments was significant, than the flowering effect ofeach temperature of dry storage treatments, the best treatment among them was wetway and4℃s torage treatment,with the highest water balance value,the leastmalondialdehyde and proline content, without apparently accumulated phenomenon.contrasted with4℃of7days and14days storage, after the expiration of thestorage, the diameter size of flower increased, especially14days treatment. Druingthe process of flower forcing, the standard of speedding up to flowering of7daysstorage treatment was in5days,14days storage treatment was in4days, and CKreached the standard of speedding up in7days. The water balance value of7daysstorage treatment overall higher than14days storage treatment, but they all did notappear a negative value. The content of malondialdehyde and proline all decreased,the minimum value of malondialdehyde content for7days storage treatment droppedto0.586u mol·g^-1, the minimum value of14days storage treatmen dropped to0.431umol·g^-1. As to proline minimum values,7days storage treatment was47.983ug·g^-1,14days storage treatment was49.966ug·g^-1. Generally comparisoned,14daysstorage period, with wet way and4℃low temperature storage to postharvest flowerbudding of cut chrysanthemum, was the best effect after storage to force flowering.