Studies On The Synergism And Preparation Of Cashew Nut Shell Liquid With Chemical Pesticides

In this paper, the synergism actions of cashew nut shell liquid （CNSL） with kresoxim-methyl and Chlorpyrifos were studied respectively. The preparations of CNSL with selected chemical pesticides were developed by formulation studies. The field control efficiency of the synergistic mixtures of CNSL and chemical pesticides were evaluated. The main results were following:1. Study on the antifungal synergism of CNSL with kresoxim-methyl.The antifungal synergism of CNSL with kresoxim-methyl to Cytospora mandshurica Miura was studied in the laboratory by mycelial growth rate method. The results showed that, the EC₅₀ values of CNSL and kresoxim-methyl to Cytospora mandshurica Miura after48hours were0.94×10²m g/L and0.24×10^-2mg/L, respectively. The EC₅₀ values of the mixtures with the ratios of5:1,7:1,9:1,15:1,49:1and99:1（CNSL: kresoxim-methyl） were1.90×10^-2mg/L,2.24×10^-2mg/L,1.78×10^-2mg/L,4.28×10^-2mg/L,38.16×10^-2mg/L and99.85×10^-2mg/L, respectively. The co-toxicity coefficients of the mixtures were75.31，85.18，134.0，89.14，31.22and23.83, respectively. The mixture with the ratio of9:1（CNSL: kresoxim-methyl） has significantly antifungal synergism effect.2. Study on the synergistic preparation of CNSL and kresoxim-methyl.The CNSL kresoxim-methyl EW was developed by selection of solvents, emulsifiers and other additives. The formula of the preparation were CNSL （20%）, kresoxim-methyl （2.2%）, solvent S （10%）, emulsifiers （A:B=4:1）（18.8%）, antifreeze C （0.5%） and water （adding to100%）. The experiments of thermal storage, cold storage, melt-freeze and the stability of CNSL kresoxim-methyl EW were developed, and the results showed that the characters of CNSL kresoxim-methyl EW were in accordance with the quality standards of EW preparation.3. Study on the insecticidal synergism of CNSL with Chlorpyrifos.The insecticidal synergism of CNSL with Chlorpyrifos to aphid was studied in the laboratory by dip method. The results showed that, the LC₅₀ values of CNSL and Chlorpyrifos to aphid after48hours were12.80g/L and0.37g/L, respectively. The LC₅₀ values of the mixtures with the ratios of400:1,100:1,50:1,25:1and12:1（CNSL: Chlorpyrifos） were12.19g/L,9.40g/L,7.81g/L,5.05g/L and2.52g/L, respectively. The co-toxicity coefficients of the mixtures were96.9,101.9,97.9,110.4and141.5, respectively. The mixture with the ratio of12:1（CNSL: Chlorpyrifos） has significantly insecticidal synergism effect.4. Study on the synergistic preparation of CNSL and Chlorpyrifos.The CNSL Chlorpyrifos EW was developed by selection of emulsifiers and other additives. The formula of the preparation were CNSL （20%）, Chlorpyrifos （1.7%）, solvent S （10%）, emulsifiers （D:E=3.75:1）（19%）, antifreeze C （0.5%） and water （adding to100%）. The experiments of thermal storage, cold storage, melt-freeze and the stability of CNSL Chlorpyrifos EW were developed, and the results showed that the characters of CNSL Chlorpyrifos EW were in accordance with the quality standards of EW preparation.5. The control efficiency of21.7%CNSL·chlorpyrifos（12:1） EW.The results showed that21.7%CNSL chlorpyrifos（12:1） EW had control efficiency to aphids, the effect increased along with the increased concentration. The corrected mortalities of the preparation diluted500-fold,1000-fold and2000-fold respectively achieved62.91%,48.69%and39.28%after1d in the field. The corrected mortalities of the preparation would increase as time went on, which respectively achieved88.86%,67.30%and62.33%after10d in the field. The control efficiency of21.7%CNSL chlorpyrifos（12:1） EW diluted500-fold against aphid was equivalent to the effect of the48.0%chlorpyrifos emulsifiable concentrate （EC）（97.56%） after10days in the field, the synergistic mixture can reduce the dosage of chlorpyrifos by78.8%.