| Soil erosion is one of the main reasons restricting the agricultural development of thesemi-arid regions of northern China, the extensive use of fertilizers, traditional and backwardfarming methods, exacerbated soil erosion, wind erosion, water erosion phenomenon. Soil andwater conservation tillage is a kind of agricultural sustainable development for the purpose offarming technology model, based on does not change the original structure of the arable land, tomaximize resource conservation, efficient use of resources and improve the efficiency ofagricultural production. Conservation tillage is a fast and effective method to solve the soil erosionproblem, conservation tillage by subsoiling, furrow damming, cross slope, plastic mulching, andother measures to improve the soil environment, storing natural precipitation to reach reduce runoff,water and soil moisture of purpose. To better study the suitability of the soil and water conservationtillage measures, a pilot study of different conservation tillage technology modes of soil and waterconservation and water use efficiency and yield effects was conducted in Bei’an Red Star Farm inHeilongjiang Province. Test using the combined method of runoff plots and plot experiment in3osloping land. The experiment using four kinds of soil and water conservation tillage technologymode, they are “subsoiling+straw returning "," subsoiling+straw returning+furrow damming ","subsoiling+furrow damming”,“subsoiling”. It also set a measure to deal with as a contrast.Different conservation tillage technology mode soybean plant height, leaf area, dry matter, soilmoisture, rainfall, runoff and sediment yield, seed weight and other indicators will be measured, tostudy the impact of different conservation tillage technology mode for elements of soybean growthdynamics, runoff, soil erosion, yield, water use efficiency. And comprehensive evaluation ofdifferent conservation tillage technology mode, sort determine the most appropriate test area ofconservation tillage technology mode, to help decision-makers to program optimization andproduction practices.This study obtained the following conclusions:(1) Trial four kinds of conservation tillage technology mode dynamic effects on soybean growth.Mainly for conservation tillage technology model can promote the growth of soybean plants,different technical patterns soybean plant height sorted from highest to lowest for2011: subsoiling+straw returning+furrow damming (SHQ)> subsoiling+furrow damming (SQ)> subsoiling+ straw returning (SH)> subsoiling (SS), in2012:SHQ> SH> SQ> SS, and four modes of plantheight in each growth period were higher than the measures (CK) processing, SH, SHQ, SQ threemodes of soybean height higher than the SS processing. Since the rainfall is less than2012rainfallin2011, furrow damming was able in2011to the district fields impoundment surface runoff, soSQ> SH, compared with the SH soil and water conservation performance than abundant rainfallconditions slightly significant in SQ in2012. The impact of the four techniques mode of soybeanleaf area index the same trend with plant height trends, not repeat them. The same sequence ofdifferent conservation tillage technology models the impact of two years of dry matteraccumulation: SHQ> SH> SQ> SS> CK, the results of the study show that the most significantSHQ impact on soybean growth dynamics.(2) Four kinds of conservation tillage technology trial mode are able to increase soybean soilmoisture, increasing storage capacity. Study each growth period0~100cm soil moisture contentvariation of different technical patterns, The results show that the most of soil moisture in eachfertility is SHQ processing, In addition, the soil water content of each treatment (0~40cm) obviousdifferences, no significant difference (40~100cm) soil moisture. The soil water storage of differenttechnical patterns is higher than conventional farming, order of: SHQ> SQ> SH> SS> Ck. Differenttechnical patterns in the branching stage of the water storage capacity of the most significantdifferences.(3) The trial four kinds of conservation tillage technology mode can be effective in reducing surfacerunoff. The measure of the smallest annual runoff is SHQ in4kinds of test measures, annual runoffdescending sort: CK> SS> SH> SQ> SHQ, the SHQ processing flow reduction effect significant.Selected two typical rainfall of different technical patterns to analysis the times rainfall runoff in2011and2012. Results show that runoff generated both delay. Before the construction of the soilprofiles of furrow damming in May and June, the different mode runoff depth Sort: CK> SQ, SS>SHQ, SH. After the construction of the soil profiles of furrow damming, the different mode runoffdepth Sort: CK>SS>SH>SQ>SHQ.(4) The trial four kinds of conservation tillage technology mode can be effective in reducing soilerosion. The measure of the smallest soil erosion is SHQ in4kinds of test measures, soil erosiondescending sort: CK>SS>SH>SQ>SHQ. Rainfall sediment yield analysis, we found that thesediment yield different technical patterns is similar to the runoff, sediment is yield delays. Beforethe construction of the soil profiles of furrow damming in May and June, the different mode soilerosion depth Sort: CK> SQ, SS> SHQ, SH. After the construction of the soil profiles of furrowdamming, the different mode soil erosion depth Sort: CK>SS>SH>SQ>SHQ.(5) The effect water-saving increase yield of different conservation tillage technology mode issignificant. Four treatments can effectively improve soybean production, net income, water useefficiency, best SHQ effect. The four modes of soybean production two years mean sort: SHQ>SH> SQ> SS> CK; the four modes, net output in two years mean sort: SHQ> SH> SQ> SS> CK;the four modes moisture use efficiency for two years mean Sort: SHQ> SQ> SH> SS> CK, it show that SHQ protective mode of water-saving farming techniques yield significant results.(6) Using fuzzy neural network model for different technology mode to comprehensive evaluation.To use MATLAB visualization software simulation training, and the evaluation results show thatthe five kinds of treatment from the good times sort: SHQ> SQ> SH> SS> CK. Derived the SHQintegrated mode is the most suitable conservation tillage technical mode for sloping farmland in thenorthern hilly black soil area Region of songnen plain. |
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