Difference Observed And Physiological Measurement Of Reproductive And Developmental Process Of Parthenocarpic Eggplant[Solanum Melongena Linn.]

Eggplant (Solanum melongena Linn.) belongs to Dicolyledoneae, Asteridae, Solanales, Solanaceae, Solanum,and originated in India, where is the tropical area of Southeast Asia. Wild species or relative species can be also found there now. Wild eggplants are small and taste bitter. After long-term cultivation and selection, many excellent eggplant varieties were bred for cultivating in different regions. Now, eggplant is one of the most important edible vegetables in China because of its long-term cultivation history and wide cultivated area.Parthenocarpy is special characteristic, which could avoid flowers and fruits droping at lower temperature and grow into seedless fruits, what is very important for selecting varieties that resistant low temperature and suit to cultivating on open field. Parthenocarpy is attracting more and more attention of researchers, the studies related to resource selection, characteristic identification, physiological measurements of hormone, enzyme, protein and polysaccharide, genetic mechanism, molecular marker, isolated gene cloning, transgenic, etc. However research on development specificity of parthenocarpy female organs is rarely reported.By observing microscopic sections and analyzing measurement results of different hormones in various parts of floral organs, the study is in order to clarify the influences of parthenocarpic and shattering phenomenon by organization morphological basis of parthenocarpic process and varities and balance of plant hormones in different parts of floral organs.The results will provide theoretical basis on parthenocarpic selected and parthenocarpic induced by chemical conditions.The major results are as follows: 1. Image observation and preliminary analysis of female organs development sectionsUse paraffin sections were observed after the different treatments parthenocarpic and non-single firm during embryonic development of the eggplant, and a comparative analysis of the resulting image, discovered the the eggplant varieties parthenocarpic fruit development with typical eggplant embryonic developmentway there was a clear difference:The process of pollination and fertilization of non-parthenocarpic varieties was faster than parthenocarpic varieties at suitable temperature.1d after emasculation, nuclear and egg in mononuclear embryo sac of parthenocarpic varieties were liquefied and disintegration;3d later, endosperm mitotic abnormalities;6d later, endosperm degradation, and so that the zygote can not divide or split delay;10d later, the embryo sac began to shrink and degenerate.Regardless of artificial pollination parthenocarpic or emasculation parthenocarpic, the development of embryos at low temperature was basically the same to emasculation parthenocarpic at suitable temperature.However, buds of artificial pollination non-parthenocarpic varieties and emasculation non-parthenocarpic varieties sheddinged in turn after treated2-4d. Althouth the development of embryos of artificial pollination parthenocarpic varieties was later than non-parthenocarpic varieties, and duration longer than non-parthenocarpic varieties, they could be able to complete normal development at last. Low temperature was not necessary condition to embryonic development of parthenocarpic varieties, but will induce the formation of the abscission layer cells of suspensor, then leading to flower and fruit drop phenomenon at last.2. Characteristic analysis of the process of pollen tube germination and elongationUse of water-soluble aniline blue staining of paraffin sections and pollen tube, pollination and fertilization process parthenocarpic and non-parthenocarpic varieties under different temperature conditions were observed. The experimental results showed that:The style of eggplant was open and had a wide style Road, around that were layer of specialist within epidermal cells, and pollen tube grew along its surface. At suitable temperature,compared to artificial pollination parthenocarpic and non-parthenocarpic, pollen germination time were basically the same on the stigma, but pollen tube elongation time was longer in the style organization, and the reach time of the front of the pollen tube to micropylebut was later. Compared with non-parthenocarpic species, althouth parthenocarpic species experienced longer time in the normal process of pollination and fertilization, its stigmas had the necessary conditions for pollen germination, and its female organs could complete the double fertilization and develop into normal fruits. At the low-temperature conditions in October, compared to parthenocarpic and non-parthenocarpic,two species pollens could germinate on stigmas after artificial pollination, but the pollens tube appeared disintegration at discontinuous state when its length less than half of the style. Facultative parthenocarpy characteristics of eggplant perhaps because low temperature hindered the completion of the double fertilization process, and not directly related to the structural basis of the female organs.3. Determination and preliminary analysis of hormones changes in different parts of floral organsUse of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), the determination of the four endogenous hormones in pollination and emasculation processing parthenocarpic and non-parthenocarpic varieties ovary (Fruitlet) and pedicel, the data obtained show that:For the parthenocarpic varieties, the trend of four phytohormone were similar, and the content were all slightly higher, compared the pollination treatments with emasculation treatments. But for the non-parthenocarpic varieties, the content of four phytohormone changes very obvious, the content of ABA even completely opposite, compared the pollination treatments with emasculation treatments. The treatment of pollination or emasculation had little effect on the content of phytohormone in ovary (Fruitlet) for parthenocarpic varieties, but had bigger effect on non-parthenocarpic varieties. The growth inhibitor played a major role after the treatment of emasculation non-parthenocarpic varieties. However, the growth promotion played regulaing role in their growth and development process after the treatment of pollination or emasculation parthenocarpic varieties and pollination non-parthenocarpic varieties in the ovary (Fruitlet) of parthenocarpic varieties was higher than in non-parthenocarpic varieties in the same treatment. The content of ABA was different between different genotypes.Hormone accumulation appeared in pedicel of emasculation non-parthenocarpic varieties, in particular, had a very high content of ABA to promote the activities and differentiation of the the floral abscission layer cells, eventually leading to flower and fruit drop phenomenon.