| Areca catechu L. is the seed of areca which belongs to palm. Areca nut has many names. It is a drug plant and can be chewed. Areca nut is one of the four major hobby in the world. The tree is evergreen which grows in tropical regions. It is the first of four South Pharmaceuticals in China. Currently both at home and abroad on betel nut seed of research main set in betel nut Chinese medicine pills. The areca nut seed was throwing away as waste when producing the areca nut products. Most of the functional substance, especially fatty acids, enriched in the areca nut seed. It has so much medicinal value, but not to use fully. There were no systematic production and comprehensive utilization system about constituent, extraction and functional abilities of areca nut oil. There are important theoretical and practical values to study the extraction technology、purification technology and function characteristics of areca nut oil.In this study, the areca nut oil which from the supercritical CO2extraction was adopted as the materials. Find the optimization conditions of molecular distillation on separation composition and content changes before purification to the after; Different heat treatment effects on betel nut oil fatty acid composition and content; Analysis of its fatty acid distribution; And the betel nut oil’s functionality.1. RSM optimization of molecular distillation on separation and purification of areca nut oil condition is:the feed rate is1.5mL/min, the distillation temperature is134.9℃, the feed temperature is52.1℃, the revolving speed is185.7r/min.Under this conditions, the average yield of heavy fractions is78.77%. It is better to before the purification. The oil is relatively shallow and transparent. The acid value significantly reduced. The POV and the iodine value is not significantly change. Although the types of fatty acids reduce a lot, the total fatty acid content has increase. May be it excluded the interference of a number of vinyl terpenoid compounds and impurities.2. The different heat treatment effects on the the impact of the betel nut oil’s fatty acid composition and content: Use of different heat treatment on betel nut oil with15min,30min,90min heating respectively. Then after methyl esters, the fatty acids composition and content was analyzed by GC-MS. Conclusion:Under the action of baking heat, microwave heat and pan fried, areca nut oil fatty acids’ instability of components would changes. Oil should not be heated for a long time, or it will lose their nutritional value. But when the betel nut oil was heated to60℃last15min in baking heat, the fatty acids content may to the highest54.4%, and the fatty acids composition were richest.3. The fatty acid component and positional distribution of areca nut oil:The component and positional distribution were analyzed by HPLC. The result showed that the main fatty acids of areca nut seed oil purified by molecular distillation were linolenic acid、 linoleic、decanoic acid、lauric acid、myristic acid、carbonic acid、hexadecanoic acid、 oleic acid, among which unsaturated fatty acid(linolenic acid、linoleic oleic acid) accounted for35.31%and mainly distributed in Sn-2, saturated fatty acid mainly distributed in Sn-1,3except hexadecanoic acid and decanoic acid, all the decanoic acid distributed in Sn-2. This indicated that betel nut oil has the effectiveness of prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease.4. Functionality of areca nut seed oil:Fed rats with medium dose of areca nut oil(0.16g/kg) for60d. By the method of making myocardial specimens, H.E.Staining, TUNEL assay, Western blot detection and NO content determination one by one, the apoptosis coefficient was13.281±2.561%in areca nut oil group significantly lower than distilled water control group. The value of Bcl-2/Bax(1.550±0.210) and the content of NO in myocardium(0.968±0.182μmol/g protein) of areca nut oil group were significantly higher than distilled water control group. This indicated that the areca nut oil had obvious antiapoptotic action through increasing Bcl-2/Bax value and could increase the content of NO, protect the injury of myocardial ischemia. It has the exact effect on the cardiovascular system. |
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