Equentasoaton Anractonaton Opoysaccares From Auricularia Auricular Fruit Bodies And Their Pharmacological Activities

Polysaccharides in the fruit bodies of Auricularia auricular (commonly called black fungus or woody ear/tree ear fungus) were sequentially extracted with hot water and alkali, and then precipitated with80%ethanol aqueous solution respectively. The water crude polysaccharide (WCP) yield was13.4g for WCP-1,27.1g for WCP-2,14.1g for WCP-3,10.8g for WCP-4, and6.5g for WCP-5, resulted to a total of71.9g, i.e.14.38%of the dried weight. Residues from the hot water extractions (127g) gave54.1g crude alkali polysaccharides (ACP), i.e.42.6%, after treatment with1M NaOH solution.Structural characterization, solubilization, purification and pharmacological activities were elucidated. The monosaccharide composition was determined by HPLC. The molecular weight was analyzed by gel-permeation chromatography on Sepharose CL-6B and TSK-30columns. The structures were analyzed with Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR).The contents of total sugar, uronic acid and protein were28.3,3.04and9.4%in WCP-1,33.7,5.81, and3.9%in WCP-2;42.1,4.31, and1.3%in WCP-3;45.4,3.60, and0.2%in WCP-4;33.1,2.15, and0.04%in WCP-5;34.3,2.52, and2.4%in ACP, respectively. The re-solubilized and partially purified fractions revealed slightly different properties in sugar, uronic acid and protein content.Monosaccharide analysis on the water crude polysaccharide (WCP-1,2,3,4,5) and alkali crude polysaccharide (ACP) indicated that the polymer contained glucose and mannose as their major components. The contents of glucose and mannose were45.9%and38.9%in WCP-1;43.3%and31.6%in WCP-2;32.6%and43.7%in WCP-3;46.0%and32.7%in WCP-4;61.5%and23.5%in WCP-5, and79.0%and14.3%in ACP respectively. In the re-solubilized and partially purified fractions, the contents of glucose and mannose were28.60%and45.97%in AAPW-1;31.27%and42.35%in AAPW-3;26.52%and56.06%in AAPW-5, and20.65%and53.50%in AAP.alk. Xylose, galactose, and glucoronic acids were minor components.In vitro antitumor activities were tested with Sarcoma-180, HT-29and HCT-116tumor cells. The results showed that AAPW-1exhibited certain inhibition characteristics against Sarcoma-180tumor cell proliferation. The dose of2mg/ml and1mg/ml of AAPW-3and-5showed inhibition of40%and25%;24%and20%respectively, in the HT-29anti-tumor activities, and AAPW-1moderately inhibited cell proliferation in HCT-116activities. Generaly, the alkali fraction showed no inhibition characteristics. Immunomodulating activities were test with the spleen cells and macrophage cells obtained from six mice. The results showed that AAPW-1,-3and AAP.alk significantly increased macrophage phagocytosis and nitrogen oxide release, but they had no effects on lymphocyte proliferation.