| Lead-acid battery is an electrochemical device which can store, release electricenergy, but also the most widely used type in all kinds of batteries around the world.Along with the take-off of the China’s economy, the transportation industry, themobile communication industry, solar and other clean energy power generationindustry have entered a rapid development period. Lead-acid battery industry is alsobooming. It has become a pillar industry of local in the middle and north of JiangsuProvince, which plays a huge role in local development. However, the lead-acidbattery industry caused health damage to workers and pollution to the environmentnearby when it continued to create social wealth.Therefore, we conducted this study by the purpose of reducing the incidence oflead poisoning in workers. And we could improve the surrounding environment, andgrasp lead pollution migration path and rules. Our study can provide an effectivebasis for composing 《code for prevention of occupational hazards in lead-acidbattery manufacturing company of Jiangsu Province》. Part I The situation of the occupational hazards of thetypical lead-acid battery factory of Jiangsu ProvinceObjective To investigate occupational hazard factors exist in the typical lead-acidbattery factory, and provide the evidence for preventing and controlling occupationaldiseases in related industries. It also can provide an effective basis for thedevelopment of 《code for prevention of occupational hazards in lead-acid batterymanufacturing company of Jiangsu Province》.Methods Took the field of occupational hygiene survey methodology, detection andidentification methods to investigate, analyze and assess the occupational hazardsfactors in accordance with the relevant national standards.Result The main occupational hazards in the production process were lead dust, leadfume, noise, etc. In personal sampling, the exceeded rates of lead and noise were83.3%and100.0%. In area sampling, the exceeded rates of lead and noise were84.2%and50.0%. In the occupational health examination,15.3%of the workers’blood lead levels were more than400μg/L. The exceeded rates of blood lead from thepost of plate production and welding were34.1%and26.2%. Parts of the workplaceoccupational protective equipment were set unreasonable, and some workers did notuse the personal protective equipment follow the standard.Conclusion The present situation of occupational hazards factors in the typicallead-acid battery factory could not be ignored. The phenomenon that the blood leadlevel of workers exceed the standard was serious. Effective prevention and controlmethods should be taken immediately. Part II Environmental lead pollution level around thetypical lead-acid battery factory of Jiangsu ProvinceObjective To investigate the impact of the lead-acid battery company on thesurrounding environment, and provide evidence for improving the environment. Italso can provide an effective basis for the writing of 《code for prevention ofoccupational hazards in lead-acid battery manufacturing company of JiangsuProvince》.Methods Environmental examples from inside and outside of the lead-acid factorywere collected and analyzed in accordance with the relevant national standards. Thesamples from outside of the factory were collected at different distances in thevicinity.Result The median lead contents in soil samples downwind were significantly higherthan those upwind (P <0.05). The excessive rate of lead contents in surface soil, soilof plant roots were3.45%and14.29%. The excessive rate of lead contents in tapwater and ditch water inside of the factory were16.67%and100.00%. And the watersamples from outside were not exceeded the standard. The median lead contents in airsamples of working zone were significantly higher than those in administrative region(P=0.033). The median lead contents in air samples downwind were notsignificantly higher than those upwind (P=0.148). The excessive rate of leadcontents in air samples inside and outside of the factory were28.57%and75.00%.The median lead contents in plant samples of working zone were significantly higherthan those in administrative region (P=0.015). The median lead contents in plantsamples downwind were significantly higher than those in soil samples upwind (P=0.047). The lead contents distribution curves of environmental samples (soil, air, plant) upwind were relatively small fluctuations. The distribution curves downwind werestable after the first lower trend (especially within200m).Conclusion The factory had some degree of pollution to the surrounding environment.Effective prevention and control methods should be taken immediately.Part III The setting of 《code for prevention of occupationalhazards in lead-acid battery manufacturing company ofJiangsu Province》Objective To develop the draft of 《code for prevention of occupational hazards inlead-acid battery manufacturing company of Jiangsu Province》, and it can be used bylead-acid battery industry in Jiangsu Province for the management and surveillance ofoccupational health.Methods Under the general guiding ideology of 《Law of the People’s Republic ofChina on Prevention and Control of Occupational Diseases》, we developed it refer tothe results above and research recent years. And we also developed it in accordancewith the relevant national standards and normsResult We had completed the draft of this code. It included the following aspects:scope, normative references, terms and definitions, basic requirements, occupationalhealth and engineering protection measures, health requirements for equipmentmaintenance, health requirements for personal protective equipment, workplaceoccupational hazards monitoring, occupational health surveillance, occupationalhealth management, requirements for workplace cleaning and waste disposal, andemergency rescue. |
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