A Study On Caries Activity Between Patience Of Early Childhood Caries And Their Parents

Objective: Early Childhood Caries (ECC) is a kind of primary teethcaries with a high incidence rate, which progress rapidly and harm thechildren’s physical and mental development seriously. The effectiveprevention and treatment of ECC has become one of the most importantclinical tasks of pediatric dentists. The ECC patients come from thedepartment of pediatric dentistry in Hebei Medical Stomatological Hospitalwere selected to be detected caries activity by cariostat method, meanwhiletheir caries status and relative factors such as: delivery manner, feedingmanner, diet habit, oral-health knowledge and behavior were investigated too.The purpose of this study was not only to investigate the relationship of cariesactivity between ECC patients and their parents, but also to provide effectivemethod and scientific basis of early prevention and treatment of ECC.Methods:1Objects: There were children diagnosed as ECC and their parents whocome from the department of pediatric dentistry in Hebei MedicalStomatological Hospital from December2011to December2012were chosento be detected in the study.2Caries activity test: The ECC patients and their parents were testedcaries activity by cariostat method.3Dental examination: Every ECC patients and their parents had a dentalexamination and the caries index of dmft or DMFT was on record,respectively.4Investigate questionnaires: The questionnaires were designed by authorand completed by the ECC patients’mothers or fathers.5Statistical analyses: All data were dealt with SPSS13.0. SoftwareSpearman rank correlation test was used to analyze the relationship. between caries activity and decayed missing filled tooth of ECC patients andtheir parents. The ECC patients were divided into different groups accordingto the dmft and caries activity test respectively, the factors related to cariesactivity and caries risk of ECC were tested by nonparametric test or χ2–testand Multiple logistic regression.Results:1The results of caries activity and caries status of ECC patients and theirparents:1.1In this study, a statistically significant positive correlation existed betweenthe ECC patients’ caries activity test score and their morthers’caries activitytest score.(rs=0.350, P＜0.01); No significant correlation was seen betweenthe ECC patients’ caries activity test score and their fathers’ caries activity testscore (rs=0.056, P＞0.05).1.2There was significant difference in dmft among different degrees of cariesactivity test score in ECC patients (P＜0.01). There was no significantdifference in dmft between group of caries activity test score1and group ofcaries activity test score2. There was significant difference in dmft betweengroup of caries activity test score1and group of caries activity test score3,group of caries activity test score2and group of caries activity test score3,respectively.1.3A statistically significant correlation was found between the ECC patients’dmft and the morthers’ DMFT (rs=0.311, P＞0.05). There was a significantcorrelation between the ECC patients’ dmft and the father’ DMFT (rs=0.274, P＜0.05).1.4It was shown that: no relationship in caries activity test score was foundbetween ECC mothers and fathers (rs=0.191, P＞0.05); and no relationship ofDMFT was found between the ECC mothers and the fathers (rs=0.045, P＞0.05).2Results of questionnaire: In this study, the ECC patients were divided intotwo groups: low caries activity group for caries activity test scores≤1.0; andhigh caries activity group for caries activity test scores≥2.0. 2.1Delivery manners: In this study, there were44(56.41%) ECC patientsdelivered by Caesarean, there were34(43.59%) ECC patients delivered byNormal labor. In high caries activity group, the proportion of ECC patientsdelivered by Caesarean was52.77%, the proportion of ECC patients deliveredby Normal labor was47.23%; in low caries activity group, the proportion ofECC patients delivered by Caesarean was0%, the proportion of ECC patientsdelivered by Normal labor was100%. There was no significant difference indelivery manners between the two groups.2.2Feeding manners: In this study, there were42(53.85%) ECC patients werebreast-feeding within6months after birth; there were37(47.44%) ECCpatients who had the behavior of breast-feeding or bottle-feeding aftersleeping.In high caries activity group, the proportion of breast-feeding ECCpatients was58.33%, the proportion of mixed feeding ECC patients was33.33%, the proportion of bottle-feeding ECC patients was8.34%; In lowcaries activity group, the proportion of breast-feeding ECC patients was0%,the proportion of mixed-feeding ECC patents was66.67%, the proportion ofbottle-feeding ECC patients was33.33%; In high caries activity group, theproportion of breast-feeding ECC patients was higher than that of otherfeeding manners of ECC patients (χ2=9.031, P=0.005).There was no significant difference between the two groups in thefrequency of breast-feeding and bottle-feeding after sleeping(z=1.278, P＞0.05).2.3Diet behavior: there were30(38.46%) ECC patients who fed their childpre-chewing food, there were77(98.72%) ECC patients who drank cola andother carbonated beverage less than one time a day, there were52(66.67%)ECC patients who ate biscuits and other desserts more or equal once a day,there were55(70.51%) ECC patients who ate candy and chocolate less thanone time a day, there were59(75.64%) ECC patients who drank milk and atedessert after brushing teeth.There was no significant difference in diet behaviors between the two groups. such as: the frequency of being fed pre-chewing food by the parents,the frequency of ECC patients drank cola and other carbonated beverage, thefrequency of ECC patients ate biscuits and other desserts, the frequency ofThe ECC patients ate candy and chocolate and the two groups.2.4Oral-health behavior: there were74(94.87%) ECC patients who hadstarted brushing teeth before the age of3; there were63(80.77%) ECCpatients who brushed teeth less than twice a day; there were65(83.33%) ECCpatients who were helped by their parents in brushing teeth; there were63(80.77%) parents who examined the children’s effect of teeth brushing.There was no significant difference between the two groups in oral-healthbehaviors, such as: the age of beginning brush, the times of brushing, thefrequency of being helped in teeth brushing, the frequency of being examedthe effects of teeth brushing.2.5The oral-health knowledge of ECC patient’s parent: there was only oneparent who did not think oral-health was important for his life, there were46(58.97%) parents who had a wrong understand about the role of fluoridetoothpaste or did not know the role of fluoride toothpaste, there were24(30.77%) parents who did not agree with the idea that caries could beprevented by pit and fissure sealant.There was no significant difference in oral-health knowledge between thetwo groups, such as: the role of fluoridefor toothpaste, and pit and fissuresealant.3Relationship between ECC and caries risk factors: the ECC patients weredevided into the following groups: low dmft group (dmft＜5) and high dmftgroup (dmft≥5).The proportion of ECC patients delivered by Caesarean was45.45%inhigh dmft group, and the proportion of ECC patients delivered by Normallabor was54.55%; in low dmft group, the proportion of ECC patientsdelivered by Caesarean was70.58%, and the proportion of ECC patientsdelivered by Normal labor was29.42%. The proportion of ECC patientsdelivered by Caesarean was significant higher than that of ECC patients delivered by Normal labor in low dmft group. The proportion of ECC patientsdelivered by Normal labor in high dmft group was significant higher than thatin low dmft group. There was a significant difference in delivery mannersbetween the two groups (χ2=4.927，P＜0.05).In high dmft group, the proportion of breast-feeding ECC patients was59.09%, the proportion of mixed-feeding ECC patients was25.00%, theproportion of bottle-feeding ECC patients was15.91%; In low dmft group, theproportion of breast-feeding ECC patients was47.06%, the proportion ofmixed feeding ECC patients was50%, the proportion of bottle-feeding ECCpatients was2.94%. The proportion of bottle-feeding ECC patients in highdmft group was significant higher than that in low dmft group; There was asignificant difference in feeding manners between the two groups (χ2=6.784, P＜0.005).The Mean Rank of frequency of breast-feeding or bottle-feeding aftersleeping was44.34in high dmft group, the Mean Rank of frequency of breast-feeding or bottle-feeding after sleeping in low dmft group was33.24. Thefrequency of breast-feeding or bottle-feeding after sleeping in high dmft groupwas higher than that in low dmft group, there was a significant differencebetween the two groups (z=2.359, P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in diet habits between the high dmftgroup and the low dmft group; there was no significant difference inoral-health behaviors of ECC patients between the two groups, there was nosignificant difference in oral-health knowledge of ECC patient’s parentsbetween the two groups (P＞0.05).It showed in the study that delivery manner was the risk factor for ECCanalysed by multiple logistic regression.Conclusion:1In this study, a significant positive correlation of caries activity testscore was found between the ECC patients and the mothers, which suggestedthat it was the key factor to control the relative factor between mother andchild in prevention of ECC patients’ caries activity. 2There was a significant difference in dmft among various degree cariesactivity scores of ECC patients, this suggested that the severity of ECC couldbe detected by Cariostat method; it might be effective in clinic to forecast andtreat ECC by Cariostat test.3There was a statistically correlation between the ECC patients’ dmft andthe parents’ DMFT. It suggested that: the incidence of ECC was closely relatedto parents, factors come from both of father and morther were very importantto the occurrence of ECC.4Breast-feeding was the risk factor of high caries activity of ECCpatients. Feeding manners and delivery manners and breast-feeding orbottle-feeding after sleeping were the risk factors of ECC, in which deliverymanners were the most important factors of ECC.