Acoustic Study Of Fricatives In Guibei Yongfu And Guinan Hengxian

Fricative is a method of consonant pronunciation. The organs move closer to each other, forming a narrow channel, and then the air goes through and caused the friction noise.(2006, Bao Huaiqiao) Based on the strength of the airflow, fricative can be divided into sibilance and egressive, the weaker noise generated by sound channel contraction point sounds softer, called as egressive; the stronger noise formed through the contraction point and impact on a blocking, is known as sibilance, the typical fricative is sibilance, and clear sibilance. The acoustic characteristics of the fricative are reflected by sound spectrum and the energy concentration, in the sound spectrum the fricative displays clutter vertical stripes and wide distribution in the timeline, generally a few tens of milliseconds; different articulation points of consonant lead to its different concentrated energy frequency. Therefore, we can distinguish the articulation points of the fricative based on the concentrated frequency area location and intensity distribution. Fricative whose energy is very strong, is a kind of friction noise, spectral peak and center of gravity represent its concentrated energy area, Peak means the maximum of the fricative pitch, and is also the maximum amplitude, Spectrum center of gravity fricative is the frequency value of maximum energy, intensity is used to calculate the size of the sound from the perspective of energy, so we can distinguish difference between fricatives, and the same fricative characteristics in different environments by measuring the spectrum peak, center of gravity and intensity of the fricativeIn this paper, Yongfu in Guibei and Hengxian in Guinan are selected as investigation points. we attempt to start from the perspective of experimental phonetics, use acoustic experiments, praat software,computer-aided statistical analysis, graphics and other means to analyze the fricatives, The experimental material includes monosyllabic words and two-syllable words. By analyzing the fricative segment length, spectral center of gravity, spectrum peak and average intensity of fricatives, we discuss the features of fricatives both in monosyllabic words and two-syllable words, and then draw the fricative pattern diagram. Clearing the fricative characteristics of Guibei and Guinan, we not only compare monosyllabic words and two-syllable words, but also compare Guibei and Guinan fricatives, and then analyze the factors that affect fricatives. The text is divided into five parts:The first part is an overview introducing the reason of writing this paper briefly and describing previous studies systematically, as well as including the study of Pinghua and fricative abroad. Then it determines the method of this study, research purpose and research ideas.The second part is the research and analysis of fricatives in Guangxi Pinghua on sound system-level. This section introduces previous research on Guangxi Pinghua, then to compile statistics the fricatives of Guibei point and Guinan point.We analyze the fricatives from the sound system-level, to find fricative relationship between in Pinghua and in Middle Ages. The fricative of Guibei and Guinan has its internal consistency. Labiodental fricative "f" is mainly from the ancient Feimu and Xiaomu; alveolar fricative "s" is from the ancient group of Jing; glottal fricative "h" is mainly from the ancient Ximu and Xiamu; alveolo-palatal fricative "(?)" in Guibei mainly from the ancient Shumu and Xinmu; alveolar lateral fricative "1" is mainly from the ancient Xinmu, Shumu, Shengmu, Chanmu, Chuanmu, Xiemu, Chongmu and Xiamu. From the point of combination, in Yongfu Guibei, labiodental fricative "f" and glottal fricative "h" can be put in front of Hongyin and Xiyin; alveolar fricative "s" can only be put in front of Hongyin and alveolo-palatal fricative "(?)" can only be put in front of Xiyin. In Guinan, the four fricatives can be put both in front of Hongyin and Xiyin.The third part is the acoustic experiments of Pinghua in Yongfu, Guibei. This section describes the specification of the experiment, the analysis of syllabic words and two-syllable words experimental results. the specification of the experiment includes the experiment content, parameter extraction, experimental word list, speakers, and experimental methods; syllabic words experiment focus on the fricative acoustic characteristics of Pinghua in Yongfu, Guibei; two-syllable words experiment mainly examine the factors impacting fricative generation.The fourth part is the fricative acoustic experiments of Pinghua in Hengxian, Guinan. This section describes Pinghua fricative experiment shows in Hengxian, Guinan, the analysis of syllabic words and two-syllable words experimental results.The fifth part is the comparison and discussion of fricatives between in Yongfu and Hengxian. This section mainly compares the characteristics of both, pick up their similarities and differences, and summarized the factors that affect the fricative generated.The third, fourth, fifth part is the focus of the paper, the fricatives in Yongfu, Guibei can be divided into three types, one type is the fricative with high spectral center of gravity and small average intensity, such as glottal fricative "h", one type is the fricative with high spectral center of gravity and big average intensity, such as alveolo-palatal fricative "(?)", the third type is the fricative with low spectral center of gravity and small average intensity, such as labiodental fricative "f" and alveolar fricative "s". From these, we know that the fricative with high spectral center of gravity is longer in the time duration and the articulation is rearward, and the contrary is the same situation. The fricatives(including alveolar lateral fricative) can be divided into three types in Hengxian, Guinan. one type is the fricative with high spectral center of gravity and big average intensity, such as glottal fricative "h", one type is the fricative with low spectral center of gravity and big average intensity, such as alveolar fricative "s" and alveolar lateral fricative "(?)", the third type is the fricative with low spectral center of gravity and small average intensity, such as labiodental fricative "f". From the fricative pattern diagram, we can see that the position of alveolar fricative "s" and alveolar lateral fricative "(?)" is near, both belong to the type of low spectral center of gravity and big average intensity; there are some similarities between them. Spectral center of gravity, the noise peak and average intensity decide a fricative features. There are some factors such as different vowel followed the fricatives, the word with finals or not, the first syllabic with different finals, all of them can affect the characteristics of fricatives. It would be change in speaking words. There is a certain complementarity in fricative segment length, the spectral center of gravity, the peak and average intensity of fricatives.