| The stage of late Qing and early Minguoappears to belong to twoseparate dynasties, but from the point of view of calligraphy, it is adeveloping whole. The calligraphy in this stage is different from that atany time in the history , because it can not be represented by any singleimage or sound , but it is the phenomenon of ’’ letting a hundred flowersbloom and a hundred schools contend ’’ In other words, the transition fromlate Qing to early Qin is a historic change , so in this stage, thescholar-bureaucrats experienced unprecedented hardship mentally andpsychologically which brought earthshaking changes. Meanwhile, thecalligraphy as well faced up different tests from various directions as inother areas.As a kind of culture, calligraphy does not exist in isolation, but it isclosely related to the whole dynasty or the society. At the stage of lateQing and early Min, the penetration of western culture makes China havedifferent understanding of his previous boss’s image, not only in thepolitical field and economic field, especially in the field of culture,including Buddhism, Confucianism, geography, and the changes ofphilosophers knowledge. It also has produced very huge effect on thecalligraphy of late Qing Dynasty and at that time, the calligraphy in the alternate process appeared to be very rich and colorful. Hercolorfulness not only means the great number of calligraphers , but also adescription of the phenomenon that the calligraphic styles are various.Even though the calligraphy styles of the times, locations andpersonalities are not the same, they should have inheritance relationshipin different time. In a particular historical period, its particular styles ofthe times, locations and personalities are similar. It is possible to obtain acomplete understanding of calligraphy, through studying the political,economic, cultural background and characteristics of the calligraphystyle. Besides the objective factors of font revolution, social trend ofthought in philosophy and personal aesthetic thought play leading role onthe formation of calligraphy style, while the certain social trend ofthought in philosophy would produce a variety of effect on the individualaesthetic thoughts from the different angles. The research on thecalligraphy of the late Qing Dynasty helps us have a more comprehensiveunderstanding of the calligraphy style. What’s more, it makes the state ofcaliigraphy in late Qing Dynasty and early Ming more systematic.The whole text researches the calligraphy in the stage of late Qing andearly Min systematically. It is divided into six parts altogether. The firstpart is the preparations for the paper, such as the exact time of late QingDynasty, the determination of the definition of the calligraphy style andthe notion of rubbings, the research present situation and the purpose andsignificance of topics. Next part is the introduction of late Qing Dynasty’sbackground, including political, economic, cultural, military, diplomaticand other aspects. Then it talks about the research method of this paperand the implementation of the review. The last part, which is the core of this paper, is about the summary of late Qing Dynasty calligraphy and theinherent reason of its formation. |
