Chinese Loanwords In Sibe

This thesis, based in traditional Structuralism, with the viewpoint of a descriptive linguist and the conjecture of Theoretical Linguistics, uses the traditional Chinese analysis of initials and finals in phonetic arrangement to describe and analyze Chinese loanwords in the Sibe language. Using approximately3,000colloquial Sibe words, over800Chinese loans-including zero-form loans, i.e., those with approximately the same phonological structure as the Chinese, and adapted-form loans, i.e., those which resemble Sibe phonology-and over400Chinese characters transcribed during this author’s recent linguistic survey, this paper provides an examination of the main research consultant’s Sibe and bilingual Chinese phonologies as the foundation for this description and analysis of Chinese loans in Sibe, including a summary of phonetic change and an historical linguistic analysis of historical strata.Looking at the internal structure of the main research consultant’s Sibe and Chinese phonologies as a framework for understanding the makeup and phonetic change of Chinese loans, this research also presents the phonological repertoire-i.e., a bilingual’s combined set of phonologies-of bilingual native Sibe speakers. Regarding tonal analysis, this paper uses a revised form of the autosegmental phonological model incorporating the five-degree Chinese tone model. Furthermore, this investigation looks at the following segments; first, grounded in target language analysis, from the perspective of phonetic matching, the adaption of Chinese loans to Sibe phonology is shown. Second, a synchronic comparison of intra-phonological systems and also of bilingual Chinese with the phonology of the Beijing dialect is given. Third, through the systematic analysis of Chinese loans and their original Chinese counterparts, lexical strata are shown in the greater historical scheme.The contributions and innovations of this paper are demonstrated as follows. Differing from previous scholars in the subject and method of research-as Jang Taeho (2002) used the Swadesh word list and with Li, et al.(1986), and Chao Ke (2006) using Chinese loans in their descriptions of Sibe phonology-on the basis of a more complete lexical database, this paper seeks to scientifically analyze loans from three aspects of a bilingual Sibe speaker’s phonology-that is the phonology of colloquial Sibe, bilingual Chinese phonology, and the phonological characteristics of Chinese loans. This research also blends the two phonologies into one greater phonological repertoire--a term which here has received new exposition. Furthermore, on the premise of Tongjia Qingfu’s (1997) preliminary work on loans, this paper develops a comprehensive comparison of Chinese loanwords and summarizes the patterns in which Sibe borrows from Chinese. Finally, with foundational data from ancient Manchu-Tungus sources and newly collected survey data, this work proposes a listing of historical strata for Chinese loans in Sibe, that is:1) Ancient Manchu-Tungus Loans-those originating in the related Manchu-Tungus Jurchen language and coming through Old Manchu;2) Old Manchu Loans-which come through Old Manchu but do not have corresponding forms in older Manchu-Tungus sources;3) Early Modern Loans-adapted-form loans in colloquial Sibe;4) Late Modern Loans-current zero-form loans.The material and description found herein are especially valuable for studies in the areas of Phonology, Contact Linguistics, and Historical Linguistics, providing useful historical linguistic data and an important case study in phonological description. This description also provides significant data for Manchu-Tungus studies as well as research in contact linguistics and sheds light on research in second language acquisition and the preservation of cultural and linguistic diversity.