A Study Of The Wu Bi During The Time Of Wei, Jin And Sixteen States Dynasties

The essay has a major line which is the forming,developing and evolution of Wu Bi. The author investigated the form of Wu Bi and its political activities and historical direction based on the major line. In the first and second chapter, the essay pointed out that the name of Wu Bi origined from the fortifications the enemies at the bordering districts through the way of deploying troops in West Han dynasty. The Wu Bi rised up in the districts of inter counties during the time of East Han dynasity. The Qiang people rebelled at the time of He emperor in the East Han dynasity, so the government of East Han dynasty established Wu Bi for defending the Qiang invaders. The Wu Bi built by the government of East Han dynasity represented the government behavior, and its major function was military, the character of it was the point for strategy defence. During the time of Wei and Jin dynasties, the character of Wu Bi degraded to civilian, the major building group was personality. Their activities of gathering together at the districts of the conditions charactering dangerous steep mountains, good planting fields and the districts nearing the water origin. The function of Wu Bi included defending itself, organizing planting, and the administrative governance at the basic level at the time. There is difference between the Han dynasty and Wei Jin and Sixteen states dynasties, although there are same name.The economy of farming estate had developed at the large scale during the time of East Han dynasty, especially speeded up for the successive wars during the late time in the East Han dynasty, so there was the phenomenon of Wu Bi nization of farming estate. The Wu Bi was actually the combination of military Wu Bi and producing farming estate durin the time of Wei Jin and sixteen states dynasties. The model of managing in the Wu Bi in the time of Wei and Jin dynasties was the same as the managing model of East Han dynasty. We could see the shadow of farming estate from the Wu Bi at the time. We could call the Wu Bi at the time of Wei and Jin dynasties as the typical form, which is the normal behavior. And we could call the Wu built in the bordering counties in the West Han dynasty and the Wu Bi built by the government of East Han dynasty the initial form, which is the initial state. The third chapter introduces the political activities of Wu Bi during the time of Sixteen states dynasties and its relationship with regimes built by Hu and Han nations. The author understands the activities of Wu Bi at the time from the historical event of northern invading leaded by Zu Ti. The author pointed out that the event of northern invading leaded by Zu Ti resulted in the breakdown of the plan of defending north initiated by East Jin dynasty. The northern invading leaded by Zu Ti showed its negative meaning from the view. Liu Yuan and Shi Le implemented the policy which was to absorption the troops inter Wu Bi and hoard the food in the Wu Bi to the northern defending Wu Bi. And strategical deploying which aimed to swap Bing state and Ji state from Zhang Bin. Shi Le final completion of the estabilishing regime road.The fourth chapter pointed out that the Northern Wei Dynasty to implement the system of suzerain protection is actually lasso Wu Bi owners and other despotic strategy, Only a temporary transition policy. Northern Wei Dynasty unified northern end of the situation of the Sixteen States Period disputes, eradication of the Wu Bi the breeding ground. At the years of Tai He era, the government of Northern Wei dynasty promotede the system of three directors and the system of equally dividing field, which resulted in the situation that the population in the Wu Bi became the population whose identifies were of goverement, and the power of Wu Bi gradually failed. A part of Wu Bi disappeared because of the war, and other parts developed into a new kind of gathering organization, called "villege", which had became a level of basic organization recongnized by law, and created the new situation of the institution of basic administration in Chinese history.