The Loneliness Lying Between The Orient And The Occident

In this article, the author is going to analyze the lonely consciousness of Lu Xun and Franz Kafka’s on the basis of the explanation from their works, the sense of individual existence, and the lonely consciousness through their choice. The author also attempts to answer some questions below:how does the pursuit of freedom of humanity and individual psyche bring about the loneliness? Although Lu Xun and Franz Kafka both concentrate on the individual existence and individual freedom, why do their lonely images distinguish from each other? Under the condition of loneliness, why are their choices so different? In order to answer these questions, firstly, the author analyzes the different choices of the lonely consciousness made by Lu Xun and Franz Kafka through certain aspects such as their origin of loneliness, behavior, of loneliness and reaction of loneliness. Secondly, the author will explain above phenomenon from the perspective of the origin of western and eastern culture. And avoid searching the reasons through the comparison of their different individual characters and different lives. In addition, the author will emphasize the points which are easily ignored from the perspective of metaphysics. The main body of the thesis will be divided into three parts according to their origin of loneliness, behavior of loneliness and reaction of loneliness.In the first chapter, the author is going to narrate Lu Xun and Franz Kafka’s intense on the western humanity and their emphasis on the individual existence and will, both of whom are mostly affected by Kierkegaard and Nietzsche. The author also will discuss their different tendency to the past philosophy and their focus on the different starting points and purposes due to their diversity of historical and cultural background.In the second chapter, firstly the author will expound Fei Luomu’s comprehension of freedom and loneliness, and then narrate Fei Luomu’s theory which is partly applied in Lu Xun and Franz Kafka’s thought of loneliness. Although there will be a short discussion of the improper aspects of the application. Secondly, the author will analyze the lonely consciousness in their works through the viewpoint of the relation of freedom and loneliness. The main reasons to cause them to obtain a profound experience of the freedom and loneliness is their similar ideology of concentration on humanity and individual thinking, but their attitude towards freedom come into being much different because of the distinct cultural tradition. The different comprehension of freedom leads to their distinct lonely temperament. What’s more, with the analysis on their works, the author illustrate that Lu Xun pursues the individual freedom due to his tendency to the naturalism of Chinese traditional culture. While Kafka regards freedom more as human original sin due to his faiths of Judaism.In the third chapter, according to their works, the author is going to analyze Lu Xun and Franz Kafka’s attitude when confronting the condition of nonentity and loneliness. Lu Xun endows "loneliness" valuable sense relying on his strong will; however, Kafka’s searching God results in a failure. Divinity turns to be nonsense in Lu Xun’s thought. Kafka fulfilled with the religion, though he is not a traditional religion adherent. Therefore, their loneliness is predestined to be distinct.Finally, the author will summarize the text with the comparison of the situation of China. The thinking and realization of the loneliness by Lu Xun and Kafka is a precious legacy to us.The individual’s obtainment of the care of their own in the classic aspect is the greatest benefit.