The Interaction Between Morality And Politcs

Confronting western value’s shock, such as liberty, democracy, science and so on, in20th century, modem intellectuals cannot but make their own responses,and in further,They can’t but think over how to realize these values in China while they are self-examing these values.The question is how to accomplish China’s modernization. In this process, there is absolutely a problem that how to understand the relationship between the western value and chinese traditional value. The way to understand this relationship has become the primary foundation that separates each branchs afterwards. Mou Tsung-san,as New Confucianism, faces the same problem,that is how to accomplish the Chinese modernization.That is to say that realistic care is always the starting point and aim that Mou begins his philosophical thoughts. If we can’t understand this point, we can’t fully understand Mou and other New Confucianisms’ work, and they also can’t be differentiated from traditional Confucianisms.Mou dose his utmost to appeal for and achieve liberty through his life. If we don’t consider this point,that is Mou’s attention to science, democracy,liberty and so on, we can’t totally understand his explanation to Chinese traditional philosophy and his philosophical system. On this ground, this paper focuses on Mou’s thought on liberty, inspects its details and status in Mou’s philosophy, which can help us estimate Mou’s philosophy.Based on the above analysis, the introduction section of this paper first of all examine the limitations of Mou’s philosophy in the present study, which can confirm my above comments and analysis the reason why Mou pay his attention to liberty, what is the motive for his concern about liberty. With the problem being understood.,we can continue discussions later.Chapter I generally introduces, analyzes of Mou’s discussions for liberty, liberalism, and how to be a truly free man,in which ranged over the background of Mou’s discussion, sorts of subjective freedom and foundation of freedom. When Mou discusses liberalism, he in the same criticizes the shortcomings that liberalism’s development in west and in China. On this basis, Mou at last gives out the true meaning of liberalism as well as how to be a free man.In chapter II, which is on the basis of chapter I, we analysis and interpret on Mou’s thought about freedom from the aspects of moral and politics. This part also lies at the heart of this paper. We examine the meaning of Mou’s freedom from moral aspects, as well as the relationship between it and the positive freedom in modern liberalism.Then, We examine the meaning of Mou’s freedom from political aspects, as well as the relationship between it and the negative freedom. Finally, We investigate the arguments around this issue, and try our best to understand Mou’s thought from Ground[ti体]and Function [yung用].Based on the chapter Ⅱ, Chapter Ⅲ discusses the relationship between moral and politics in Mou’s thought about freedom. Chapter II mainly dicusses the logical relationship between them, But this chapter discusses the issue on how to transit from moral to politics,that is Mou’s famous proposition:"sage withinfnei sheng内圣]develops new king without[xin wai wang新外王]?" There is the question"what is new king without?""how sage within can develops new king without?" and what is the relationship to Mou’s other proposition:"Liangzhi self-negation"[良知自我坎陷]?These are discussed in this chapter. Finally, we discuss the debate about this issue in academia.Last is the conclusion part. Based on the analysis above, we try to expound Mou as a libertarian in this part, so as to respond to the preset of the introduction part.