Moral And Political Freedom Perspective

The discussion of moral philosophy and politics in Kant's philosophy from the perspective of liberty concerns to the unity of practical philosophy, and explains the human nature by uniting the theoretical philosophy with the practical philosophy by a turning from transcendental to practical about the concept "liberty". Therefore, in Kant's philosophy, it plays a role that cannot be replaced to illustrate the relationship between moral and politics that arguing by what way does the moral principle embody itself in the course of political behaviors, and imbues the political practice with a moral nature meaning on this basis. In fact, the discussion of moral and politics has been deeply studied from Plato. He held individuals and state should have different ways to practise "good" However, the Republic structured a system to fulfill "good" of individual virtue to the maximum. Aristotle tried to unite a good citizen with a good man on the basis that moral should be the foundation of city political life. In modern time, Rousseau's concerning to human nature is also based on moral and politics which is two aspects of practice. In his opinion, "people who attempt to study moral and politics separately ultimately find they could not understand any of them".There have been some studies at home and abroad about the relationship of Kant's liberty, moral, politics separately or two of them. For example, the Kant's theory of liberty wrote by Allison discusses the relationship between liberty (self-discipline principle) and the moral law (common practical law) by some interpretation pattern. In the Discussion of Kant's liberalism political philosophy, the writer discusses that Kant's political philosophy is based on moral philosophy, and he also discusses the relationship between the concept of liberty and the order in a multiple-level. Such idea obviously shows that the liberty is bound up with the moral intimately, and argumentation their relationship with politics on this basis. Also, some articles pointed out that the discussion of ethics and right is based on parallelism, so that, they should be separated into different fields. However, that only knowing the distinction but ignoring the relationship is actually far away from the original purpose of Kant's practice philosophy. The relationships between liberty and moral and politics have been unfolded gradually from the former studies.Therefore, the thesis tries to achieve the cognition of political moral nature in Kant's philosophy by discussing the relationship between moral and politics by regarding liberty as breakthrough point. Specifically discussed as follows:Part 1 mainly discusses some basic points to moral and politics before Kant. Starting from the fact of city society, Plato and Aristotle believed that moral and politics related to each other closely in practice. Moreover, Kant's criticizing philosophy is deeply affected by Rousseau's thought. Therefore, it should pay great intention to discuss the relationship of practical philosophy between Kant and Rousseau. And, the liberty that is the foundation for Rousseau to discuss human nature, that has became an important concept of his theory, also reflects in Kant's criticizing theory.Part 2 detailed discusses how does Kant unite moral with politics. In Kant's philosophy, beginning with the initiative of Practical Reason, from the angle of liberty, he finally unites moral and politics in practical philosophy by two transition, from transcendental liberty to practical liberty and from moral law to political activities.Part 3 discusses the influence caused by Kant's points to moral and politics. Fichte was affected by Kant's moral theory. His discussion of the relationship between moral and politic is also built on the basis of liberty. Hence, moral and politics could be united on the same basis in the field of practical philosophy though they are in different spectrum. And they could be understood by liberty. Furthermore, this part also shows the significance to actual political life in China today that caused by the western theory that represented by Kant's thought, comparing the origin to the western.