Study On The Mitochondrial Genomes Sequencing Of Parus Major And Parus Monticolus

Passeriformes is most diversity and widely distributed birds, there are about661species in China, account for55.7%of all birds. The Origin of Species and Phylogeny of Passeriformes have been focused on for a long time, especially the family classification of the Paridae and Aegithalidae. In this paper, we adopted PCR products direct sequencing technique to sequence the complete mitochondrial genomes of Parus major and Parus monticolus. Furthermore, we combined the two genomes with9other species of Passeriformes sequenced in our laboratory and39species downloaded from GenBank, and reconstruct the Passeriformes’phylogeny by using MrBayes3.1.2, PAUP4beta and RAxML-7.0.3. From these analyses we drew conclusions as follows:1. The length of Parus major complete mitochondrial genomes is16772bp, and Parus monticolus is16771bp, encoded region both have22tRNA genes,13protein genes,2rRNA genes, and an A+T rich regions. The length of Non-encode region is1187bp and1188bp respectively. The base composition of complete mitochondrial genome of Parus major and Parus monticolus has not significently biased statistically, and A+T is52.1%in Parus major, and52%in Parus monticolus. For start codon, except COI in the two species with GTG, the other protein genes in two species are all with the typical start codon ATG; for stop codons, except the ND4and COIII genes had shortened stop codons T, the other genes are all have the typical stop codons AGA, TAA, TAG or AGG.2. The average genetic distance is0.515among seven families,0.319between Paridae and Hirundinidae,0.539between Paridae and Aegithalidae,0.484between Hirundinidae and Aegithalidae; The average genetic distance among species within family is:0.094in Hirundinidae,0.211in Corvidae,0.282in Paridae,0.420in Musciapidae,0.620in Sylviidae,0.735in Aegithalidae, and0.329in Paridae, respectively.3. Based on the PCG data sets and ND4&ND5data sets, phylogenic tree reconstructed using the Bayesian, Maximum parsimony, and Maximum likelihood methods. The results shown that the topology of BI trees is in accordance with MP tree, but there are some difference between ML tree and BI tree. In general, Corvidae, Paridae and Aegithalidae were all monophyletic group, but monophyly of Sylviidae is not recovered. The phylogenetic trees from different methods and data sets support Aegithalidae and Paridae as two separately family. The results shown that ND4&ND5data set had high performance in resolving family level relationship.