Wen Crown Fruit Germplasm Resources Evaluation And Superior Individual Selection

Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge is Chinese endemic species of woody oil plant and medicinalplant, which is belonging to the genus Xanthoceras of Sapindaceae. It is native to the cold anddry north area and distributed in“three norths”and other scattered areas. It is used forproducing oil and medicine and is called energy species of tree. Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bungewhich has a very high nutritional value is rich for fat, protein, carbohydrate, fatty acid, aminoacids, minerals elements, vitamin, trace elements and so on. The economic benefit ofXanthoceras sorbifolia is low because the cultivation is seeding plants and extensivemanagement, then superior strains is very limited. In the present study, we invested the plantphenology period，fruit fruit-bearing rate and fruit growth status，photosynthetic characteristics，plant leaves the determination of dynamic nutrition, fruit yields, fruit morphologicalcharacteristics, kernel nutrients composition of seeding plants of Xanthoceras sorbifolia ofShandong Laiwu. It builds the theoretical basis of germplasm resources evaluation and screeningsuperior strains. The main results are as following:1. The results of the growth of Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge of Shandong Laiwu showedthat the time of sprout expand is early March, beginning flowers in late April, numerousflower-period in early May, fruit formation in the middle of June, fruit mature in late July, fallenleaves in the middle of November. The results also indicated that the rate of the growth of fruitvertical diameter is larger than fruit horizontal diameter during the development in the earlyperiod. The showed that the time of the largest development of fruit is late May, the secondlargest development is early June and the time of maturity is in late July. There are two peak ofabscission of fruits, which are the periods of young fruit growth in mid-May and fruit growthcompleted in late June.2. The results of the Photosynthetic characteristics of Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge Plant:The diurnal change of photosynthesis rate had double peaks with a clear midday depression. Thedouble peaks occurred at 10:00 am and 4:00 pm, and the first peak was higher than the secondone. There exist obvious "midday rest" phenomenon and Photosynthetic "midday rest"phenomenon to appear in the about 1:00 pm, the different leaf positions in the same plantsouthern body and the results show the following ranks as: Middle leaves＞The top leaves＞Thelower leaves. Photosynthetic active radiation was positively correlated with transpiration rate andleaf temperature; the net photosynthetic rate was positively correlated with the stomatalconductance; The leaf temperature was positively correlated with atmospheric temperature,atmospheric CO2concentration, the internal CO2concentration, but photosynthetic activeradiation was negatively correlated with atmospheric CO2concentration, transpiration rate, wateruse efficiency.3. The results of the mineral element content of Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge leaves indifferent growth periods: The content changed throughout the year, the content of N, P, Kdecreased on the total, Mg present "the single-peak" curve, Ca content increase overall showed arising trend, the highest Ca content of old leaves. The changes of different elements weredifferent. In generally, leaf mineral elements to the order of less is N﹥Ca﹥K﹥P﹥Mg, thechanges of different elements were different.4. The results showed that the morphological diversity of Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bungefruit: germplasm resources have a wealth of genetic diversity of Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge. The nut shape among 80 Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge germplasm resources was mainly longpointed-type fruit, flat-roofed cones type, the small cone-type fruits, reverse eggs-type, threeedges-type, peach shape-type, the small cone-type fruits is the main type; Middle crack and deepcrack are the main type when the fruit was matured; Light yellow and yellow are the main typeof the surface color; The average of fruit vertical diameter were 57.44mm, the fruit horizontaldiameter were 54.20mm, the aspect ratios were 1.06, the weight of single fruit were 37.91g, thethousand seed weight were 970.03g, the kernel ratio were 49.05%, the average seed ratio perfruit were 48.18%, the shell thickness were 4.85mm, the fruit yield per tree were 27.11, averageseeds per fruit were 17.74, and the seed production were 507.49g; the sequence of variationcoefficient: the seed production＞the fruit yield per tree＞the weight of single fruit＞seeds perfruit＞the shell thickness＞the thousand seed weight＞the fruit vertical diameter＞the fruithorizontal diameter＞the aspect ratios＞the kernel ratio＞the average seed ratio per fruit. Thevariance analysis indicated that there were significant variation within strains.5. The results of the morphological diversity of Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge nutrientsshowed as following: In 100g Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge kernel the average protein contentwas 22.15 g, ranging from 17.63-29.21g, the average fat was 65.11 g, ranging from 51.96-2.10 g,the average soluble sugar was 4.94g, ranging from 3.23-7.16 g, the average water was 3.88 g,ranging from 2.56-5.69 g, the average ash was 2.23 g, ranging from 1.63-2.83g. The varianceanalysis indicated that there were significant variation within strains (P<0.01) among protein, fatand soluble sugar.6. The Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge kernel contained 17 kinds of amino acids, includingseven kinds of essential amin acids, which took 31.53% of the total amino acid contents, theaverage was 7.11g. The total amino acids content in 100 g walnut kernel was 22.55 g. Sevencompounds in Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge kernel were identified, and they were palmitic acid,stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, peanuts a ene acid, erucic acid and 24 carbon a ene acid,and their contents were 4.93%, 2.09%, 30.25%, 42.48%, 6.82%, 8.60%, 2.84%. The content ofunsaturated fatty acid in kernel took 91.85% of total fatty acids.7. The nine main economic characters of Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge strains wereanalyzed using principal component analysis and synthetic indexes analysis. 5 main componentssprovides the Xanthoceras sorbifolia fruit characters of 85.434% coronary original information.The top fifteen were L59, L26, L45, L28, L32, L41, L63, L38, L43, L14, L6, L27, L16, L1, L13.The results were close to their actual phenotypes, and provided theoretical base for selection ofexcellent Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge strains and their utilization.